ASTBE Aviation Exam Questions and
Answers 100% Pass
Newton's First Law - ✔✔-an object at rest will stay at rest, and an object in motion will
remain in motion at a constant velocity unless acted upon by an unbalanced force
(unbalanced force can be gravity or friction)
Sliding/Kinetic Friction - ✔✔-when the surface of one object slides along the surface of
another
Fluid Friction - ✔✔-resistance on an object when it is moved through either air (gas) or
water (liquid)
ex. fish moving through water, bird flying through the air
Rolling Friction - ✔✔-friction that occurs when an object rolls over a surface rather than
slides
Static Friction - ✔✔-friction that acts on objects that are not moving
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,Newton's Second Law - ✔✔-when a body is acted upon by a constant force, its resulting
acceleration is inversely proportional to the mass of the body and directly proportional
to the applied force
F=ma
F=force, m=mass in kg, a=acceleration in m/s/s
Newton's Third Law - ✔✔-for every action there is an equal and opposite reaction
Newton's Law of Universal Gravitation - ✔✔-every object in the universe attracts every
other object
F=force, G=gravitational constant value, m1=mass of object one, m2=mass of object 2,
r^2=distance
Bernoulli's Principle - ✔✔-within a horizontal flow of fluid, points of faster fluid speed
will experience less pressure than points of slower fluid speed
-fast fluid speed = low pressure
-slow fluid speed = high pressure
Four Forces of Flight - ✔✔-weight: the force of gravity pushing the aircraft down
-lift: the force required to raise the aircraft
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, -thrust: the force applied in order to move the aircraft forward
-drag: the force that slows the aircraft down in preparation for landing
Empty Weight Center of Gravity (EWCG) - ✔✔-passengers, baggage, usable and
unusable fuel, and cargo are within established weight and balance limits determined
pre-flight
Manufacturer's Empty Weight (MEW) - ✔✔-total weight of the aircraft as it was built
Operating Empty Weight (OEW) - ✔✔-MEW plus the weight of the crew, fluids,
unusable fuel, and the equipment required for flight
-does not include baggage, passengers, or usable fuel
All-Up Weight (AUW) or Aircraft Gross Weight (AGW) - ✔✔-is the aircraft weight at
any given moment during flight -the AUW / AGW decreases as fuel and fluids are
consumed
Maximum Landing Weight (MLW) - ✔✔-an aircrafts weight limit for landing
-exceeding this increases stress on landing gears and may affect the distance needed for
safe landing
Maximum Zero Fuel Weight (MZFW) - ✔✔-permissible weight of an aircraft with its
contents and includes unusable fuel
Maximum Takeoff Weight (MTOW) - ✔✔-an aircrafts weight limit for takeoff
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Answers 100% Pass
Newton's First Law - ✔✔-an object at rest will stay at rest, and an object in motion will
remain in motion at a constant velocity unless acted upon by an unbalanced force
(unbalanced force can be gravity or friction)
Sliding/Kinetic Friction - ✔✔-when the surface of one object slides along the surface of
another
Fluid Friction - ✔✔-resistance on an object when it is moved through either air (gas) or
water (liquid)
ex. fish moving through water, bird flying through the air
Rolling Friction - ✔✔-friction that occurs when an object rolls over a surface rather than
slides
Static Friction - ✔✔-friction that acts on objects that are not moving
100% Pass Guarantee Katelyn Whitman All Rights Reserved © 2025 1
,Newton's Second Law - ✔✔-when a body is acted upon by a constant force, its resulting
acceleration is inversely proportional to the mass of the body and directly proportional
to the applied force
F=ma
F=force, m=mass in kg, a=acceleration in m/s/s
Newton's Third Law - ✔✔-for every action there is an equal and opposite reaction
Newton's Law of Universal Gravitation - ✔✔-every object in the universe attracts every
other object
F=force, G=gravitational constant value, m1=mass of object one, m2=mass of object 2,
r^2=distance
Bernoulli's Principle - ✔✔-within a horizontal flow of fluid, points of faster fluid speed
will experience less pressure than points of slower fluid speed
-fast fluid speed = low pressure
-slow fluid speed = high pressure
Four Forces of Flight - ✔✔-weight: the force of gravity pushing the aircraft down
-lift: the force required to raise the aircraft
100% Pass Guarantee Katelyn Whitman All Rights Reserved © 2025 2
, -thrust: the force applied in order to move the aircraft forward
-drag: the force that slows the aircraft down in preparation for landing
Empty Weight Center of Gravity (EWCG) - ✔✔-passengers, baggage, usable and
unusable fuel, and cargo are within established weight and balance limits determined
pre-flight
Manufacturer's Empty Weight (MEW) - ✔✔-total weight of the aircraft as it was built
Operating Empty Weight (OEW) - ✔✔-MEW plus the weight of the crew, fluids,
unusable fuel, and the equipment required for flight
-does not include baggage, passengers, or usable fuel
All-Up Weight (AUW) or Aircraft Gross Weight (AGW) - ✔✔-is the aircraft weight at
any given moment during flight -the AUW / AGW decreases as fuel and fluids are
consumed
Maximum Landing Weight (MLW) - ✔✔-an aircrafts weight limit for landing
-exceeding this increases stress on landing gears and may affect the distance needed for
safe landing
Maximum Zero Fuel Weight (MZFW) - ✔✔-permissible weight of an aircraft with its
contents and includes unusable fuel
Maximum Takeoff Weight (MTOW) - ✔✔-an aircrafts weight limit for takeoff
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