NR 601 FINAL
Type 1 diabetes acute presentation - ANSWER-DKA (30% of people will present)
Type 2 diabetes acute presentation - ANSWER-HHNS
DKA - ANSWER-acetone and keytones increase! once treated expect postassium to drop! have K+
ready
Type 1 & 2 diabetes subacute presentation - ANSWER-Fatigue, thirst, urination, weight loss
Most common in type 1
In type 2, it will be more vague symptoms and fatigue
Most common way type two diabetes is diagnosed - ANSWER-Screening at risk individuals
Diabetes Mellitus - ANSWER-insulin is not secreted adequately or tissues are resistant to its effects
Prediabetes Hgb A1C - ANSWER-5.7-6.4%
Prediabetes 2 hour gtt - ANSWER-140-199
Prediabetes fasting - ANSWER-00-125
Diabetes Random - ANSWER->=200
Diabetes Fasting - ANSWER->=126
Diabetes 2hr gtt - ANSWER->=200
Type 1 diabetes - ANSWER-immune system attacks the beta cells in the pancreas to prohibit them
from releasing insulin
AUTOIMMUNE DISORDER
Usually presents in childhood
Genetic and environmental trigger
Insulin Deficiency
Type 2 diabetes - ANSWER-usually presents in adults with HTN and obesity
Cells in the body do not react to the insulin
Genetic Predisposition
Insulin Resistance/Relative insulin deficiency
Medications that cause diabetes - ANSWER-Glucocoriticoids
(Given in asthma and Crohn's Disease
dysuria - ANSWER-subjective experience of painful or burnign on urination
Dysuria Cause - ANSWER-inflammation
bladder/urethral infection
most common cause is lower UTI
Medications that can cause dysuria - ANSWER-SSRI
opiates
Scopalamine
, Less common causes of dysuris - ANSWER-Tumors
Renal Failure
Nephrolithiasis
STIs
Heamuturia Diagnostically - ANSWER-3 RBCs or more per high powered field
Transient Hematuria - ANSWER-Occurs on one occasion
Persistent - ANSWER-occurs on two or more occosion
Substances that can mock hematuria - ANSWER-Beets
Substances that can be related to hematuria - ANSWER-caffeine, spices, tomatoes, chocolate, alcholol,
citurs, soy sauce
medications that cause hematuria - ANSWER-Beta-lactam antibiotics, sulfonamides, NSAIDs, Cipro,
allopurinol, tagamet, dilantin
Any hematuria in a male over 50 requires? - ANSWER-further work up
What indicates hematuria is of renal origin? - ANSWER-Casts
What does proteinuria mean? - ANSWER-Typically indicates renal pathology, specifically glmerular in
origin
Mild Transient Proteinuria can result from? - ANSWER-Fever, CHF, acute pulmonary edema, head
injury, or stroke
Proteinuria will improve as the patient's condition improves
Bence Jones Proteins - ANSWER-present in MM, lymphosarcoma, leukemia, and Hodgkin's disease
Intermittent Proteinuria is often? - ANSWER-Asymptomatic and benign
Continuous Proteinuria is often? - ANSWER-Renal Pathology
Best test for proteinuria? - ANSWER-24 hour urine
more than 160mg of urine is abnormal
3.5g of protein - ANSWER-indicative of nephrotic disease
When should a patient be refered to a nephrologist? - ANSWER-If the protein excretion rate is above
3.0-3.5 grams/ day
which indicates nephrotic syndrome
Type 1 insulin therapy goals a1c - ANSWER-80-130
Typle 1 insulin therapy goals 2hpp - ANSWER-<180
type 1 insulin therapy goals A1C - ANSWER-<7%
Diabetes type1a - ANSWER-insulin dependent
diabetes type 1b - ANSWER-variably insulin dependent
First line treatment for type 2 diabetes? - ANSWER-lifestyle managment
Type 1 diabetes acute presentation - ANSWER-DKA (30% of people will present)
Type 2 diabetes acute presentation - ANSWER-HHNS
DKA - ANSWER-acetone and keytones increase! once treated expect postassium to drop! have K+
ready
Type 1 & 2 diabetes subacute presentation - ANSWER-Fatigue, thirst, urination, weight loss
Most common in type 1
In type 2, it will be more vague symptoms and fatigue
Most common way type two diabetes is diagnosed - ANSWER-Screening at risk individuals
Diabetes Mellitus - ANSWER-insulin is not secreted adequately or tissues are resistant to its effects
Prediabetes Hgb A1C - ANSWER-5.7-6.4%
Prediabetes 2 hour gtt - ANSWER-140-199
Prediabetes fasting - ANSWER-00-125
Diabetes Random - ANSWER->=200
Diabetes Fasting - ANSWER->=126
Diabetes 2hr gtt - ANSWER->=200
Type 1 diabetes - ANSWER-immune system attacks the beta cells in the pancreas to prohibit them
from releasing insulin
AUTOIMMUNE DISORDER
Usually presents in childhood
Genetic and environmental trigger
Insulin Deficiency
Type 2 diabetes - ANSWER-usually presents in adults with HTN and obesity
Cells in the body do not react to the insulin
Genetic Predisposition
Insulin Resistance/Relative insulin deficiency
Medications that cause diabetes - ANSWER-Glucocoriticoids
(Given in asthma and Crohn's Disease
dysuria - ANSWER-subjective experience of painful or burnign on urination
Dysuria Cause - ANSWER-inflammation
bladder/urethral infection
most common cause is lower UTI
Medications that can cause dysuria - ANSWER-SSRI
opiates
Scopalamine
, Less common causes of dysuris - ANSWER-Tumors
Renal Failure
Nephrolithiasis
STIs
Heamuturia Diagnostically - ANSWER-3 RBCs or more per high powered field
Transient Hematuria - ANSWER-Occurs on one occasion
Persistent - ANSWER-occurs on two or more occosion
Substances that can mock hematuria - ANSWER-Beets
Substances that can be related to hematuria - ANSWER-caffeine, spices, tomatoes, chocolate, alcholol,
citurs, soy sauce
medications that cause hematuria - ANSWER-Beta-lactam antibiotics, sulfonamides, NSAIDs, Cipro,
allopurinol, tagamet, dilantin
Any hematuria in a male over 50 requires? - ANSWER-further work up
What indicates hematuria is of renal origin? - ANSWER-Casts
What does proteinuria mean? - ANSWER-Typically indicates renal pathology, specifically glmerular in
origin
Mild Transient Proteinuria can result from? - ANSWER-Fever, CHF, acute pulmonary edema, head
injury, or stroke
Proteinuria will improve as the patient's condition improves
Bence Jones Proteins - ANSWER-present in MM, lymphosarcoma, leukemia, and Hodgkin's disease
Intermittent Proteinuria is often? - ANSWER-Asymptomatic and benign
Continuous Proteinuria is often? - ANSWER-Renal Pathology
Best test for proteinuria? - ANSWER-24 hour urine
more than 160mg of urine is abnormal
3.5g of protein - ANSWER-indicative of nephrotic disease
When should a patient be refered to a nephrologist? - ANSWER-If the protein excretion rate is above
3.0-3.5 grams/ day
which indicates nephrotic syndrome
Type 1 insulin therapy goals a1c - ANSWER-80-130
Typle 1 insulin therapy goals 2hpp - ANSWER-<180
type 1 insulin therapy goals A1C - ANSWER-<7%
Diabetes type1a - ANSWER-insulin dependent
diabetes type 1b - ANSWER-variably insulin dependent
First line treatment for type 2 diabetes? - ANSWER-lifestyle managment
