UST ABSN Pathopharmacology 1 TEST
2025/2026 Exam Questions With
Correct Detailed Answers ||100%
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<Brand New Version>
1. What are the four major pharmacokinetic processes? - ANSWER ✓
Pharmacokinetic processes determine how much of an admin- istered dose
gets to its sites of action. There are four major pharmacokinetic processes:
(1) drug absorption, (2) drug distribution, (3) drug metabolism, and (4) drug
excretion. *These processes can be thought of as the impact of the body on
drugs*
2. What type of tolerance occurs when there is a decrease in the number, or
decrease in the sensitivity, of receptor sites? - ANSWER ✓ Down regulation
3. What kind of drugs block receptors? - ANSWER ✓ betablockers
4. The use of betablockers can also cause a change in the sensitivity of
receptors. What is this caused and how does it occur? - ANSWER ✓
Betablockers block receptors resulting in increased the sensitivity of
receptors. This is known as Up Regulation
5. Define the term tachyphylaxis? - ANSWER ✓ Tachyphylaxis is a tolerance
that develops acutely with only a few doses of a drug
6. What is idiosyncrasy? - ANSWER ✓ Idiosyncrasy describes an unexpected,
abnormal, or peculiar reaction to a drug.
,7. Is dosing a factor in patients that experience idiosyncrasy? - ANSWER ✓
no, adverse effects can occur regardless of the dosage level
8. What is a Side effect? synonyms for side effect that are commonly used in
practice? - ANSWER ✓ side effect describes any action of the drug other
than the intended therapeutic effects.
sometimes side effect, adverse effect, and untoward effect are used
synonymously
9. Define a toxic effect? - ANSWER ✓ Toxic effects (usually expected
10.Define adverse reaction - ANSWER ✓ The world health organization
defines Adverse reaction as any noxious, unintended and undesired effect
that occurs as NORMAL drug dose
11.What is untoward effect? - ANSWER ✓ the same the as an adverse or side
effect
12.What are the three most important properties of an ideal drug? - ANSWER
✓ effectiveness, safety, selectivity
13.What is the most important property a drug can have ? - ANSWER ✓
effectiveness
14.What does is mean when a drug has the property of selectivity? - ANSWER
✓ that the drug only elicits the response for which it is given.
15.Define antagonism? - ANSWER ✓ antagonism is a combination of drugs
which, when used together, result in a total effect less than the sum of the
combination.
16.this is what happens when the drug combination leads to a smaller effect
than anticipated
,17.What is synergism? - ANSWER ✓ An interaction between two or more
drugs that causes the total effect of the drugs to be greater than the sum of
the individual effects of each drug
the effects can be beneficial or harmful
18.What are the four parts of the nursing process? - ANSWER ✓ Assessment,
diagnosis, implementation, evaluation
19.In pharmacokinetics, what does ADME stand for? - ANSWER ✓ absorption,
distribution, metabolism, excretion
20.In pharmacokinetics, wha tis it called when the drug is at it's highest
concentration in the body? - ANSWER ✓ The maximum concentration
(Cmax)
21.What is the time at which Maximum concentration of a drug occurs? -
ANSWER ✓ Tmax
22.What is T1/2 - ANSWER ✓ Halflife
23.Does the half life of a drug change depending on the route of administration?
- ANSWER ✓ No, half life is a characteristic of the drug, not of the
administration. Therefore it is constant
24.What are Enteral Medications? - ANSWER ✓ medications given orally that
must pass through the GI tract and be metabolized by the liver--
25.this includes oral, naso-gastric, and rectal medications
26.What is Parenteral Medications? - ANSWER ✓ Parenteral medications are
injected directly into the body tissues or blood stream Therefore, they do not
need to metabolize in the liver
27.What is the term for specific, measurable criteria used to evaluate whether
the patient goal has been met - ANSWER ✓ Expected outcome
, 28.What is the term for the measurement of the extent to which the patient has
achieved the goals specified in the care plan
- factors that can positively or negatively affect achievement are
identified and the plan of care can be terminated or revised. -
ANSWER ✓ evaluation
29.what is toxicology and how do we measure a drugs toxicity? - ANSWER ✓
Toxicology deals with the effects of drugs. Toxicity is measured through the
Therapeutic Index.
30.What is a perceived or anticipated threat that disrupts a person's well-being
or homeostasis, and exceeds the individuals capacity to meet demands? -
ANSWER ✓ Stress
31.3 types of stimuli that can trigger a stress response? - ANSWER ✓
psychological/emotional
physical
physiologic
32.psychological/emotional stimuli to stress - ANSWER ✓ fear, social rejection
33.physical stimuli to stress - ANSWER ✓ dramatic temperature changes,
abuse
34.physiologic stimuli to stress - ANSWER ✓ infection, inflammation
35.What is commonly used to describe negative thoughts and uncontrolled
feelings? - ANSWER ✓ Stress
36.What is negative feedback system - ANSWER ✓ Low levels of a hormone
stimulate production High levels of a hormone stop production
37.examples of negative feedback - ANSWER ✓ body temperature, blood
pressure, glucose regulation
38.negative feedback vs positive feedback - ANSWER ✓ - Negative reduces
effect/eliminates original stimulus eg. human body temp
2025/2026 Exam Questions With
Correct Detailed Answers ||100%
Guaranteed Pass
<Brand New Version>
1. What are the four major pharmacokinetic processes? - ANSWER ✓
Pharmacokinetic processes determine how much of an admin- istered dose
gets to its sites of action. There are four major pharmacokinetic processes:
(1) drug absorption, (2) drug distribution, (3) drug metabolism, and (4) drug
excretion. *These processes can be thought of as the impact of the body on
drugs*
2. What type of tolerance occurs when there is a decrease in the number, or
decrease in the sensitivity, of receptor sites? - ANSWER ✓ Down regulation
3. What kind of drugs block receptors? - ANSWER ✓ betablockers
4. The use of betablockers can also cause a change in the sensitivity of
receptors. What is this caused and how does it occur? - ANSWER ✓
Betablockers block receptors resulting in increased the sensitivity of
receptors. This is known as Up Regulation
5. Define the term tachyphylaxis? - ANSWER ✓ Tachyphylaxis is a tolerance
that develops acutely with only a few doses of a drug
6. What is idiosyncrasy? - ANSWER ✓ Idiosyncrasy describes an unexpected,
abnormal, or peculiar reaction to a drug.
,7. Is dosing a factor in patients that experience idiosyncrasy? - ANSWER ✓
no, adverse effects can occur regardless of the dosage level
8. What is a Side effect? synonyms for side effect that are commonly used in
practice? - ANSWER ✓ side effect describes any action of the drug other
than the intended therapeutic effects.
sometimes side effect, adverse effect, and untoward effect are used
synonymously
9. Define a toxic effect? - ANSWER ✓ Toxic effects (usually expected
10.Define adverse reaction - ANSWER ✓ The world health organization
defines Adverse reaction as any noxious, unintended and undesired effect
that occurs as NORMAL drug dose
11.What is untoward effect? - ANSWER ✓ the same the as an adverse or side
effect
12.What are the three most important properties of an ideal drug? - ANSWER
✓ effectiveness, safety, selectivity
13.What is the most important property a drug can have ? - ANSWER ✓
effectiveness
14.What does is mean when a drug has the property of selectivity? - ANSWER
✓ that the drug only elicits the response for which it is given.
15.Define antagonism? - ANSWER ✓ antagonism is a combination of drugs
which, when used together, result in a total effect less than the sum of the
combination.
16.this is what happens when the drug combination leads to a smaller effect
than anticipated
,17.What is synergism? - ANSWER ✓ An interaction between two or more
drugs that causes the total effect of the drugs to be greater than the sum of
the individual effects of each drug
the effects can be beneficial or harmful
18.What are the four parts of the nursing process? - ANSWER ✓ Assessment,
diagnosis, implementation, evaluation
19.In pharmacokinetics, what does ADME stand for? - ANSWER ✓ absorption,
distribution, metabolism, excretion
20.In pharmacokinetics, wha tis it called when the drug is at it's highest
concentration in the body? - ANSWER ✓ The maximum concentration
(Cmax)
21.What is the time at which Maximum concentration of a drug occurs? -
ANSWER ✓ Tmax
22.What is T1/2 - ANSWER ✓ Halflife
23.Does the half life of a drug change depending on the route of administration?
- ANSWER ✓ No, half life is a characteristic of the drug, not of the
administration. Therefore it is constant
24.What are Enteral Medications? - ANSWER ✓ medications given orally that
must pass through the GI tract and be metabolized by the liver--
25.this includes oral, naso-gastric, and rectal medications
26.What is Parenteral Medications? - ANSWER ✓ Parenteral medications are
injected directly into the body tissues or blood stream Therefore, they do not
need to metabolize in the liver
27.What is the term for specific, measurable criteria used to evaluate whether
the patient goal has been met - ANSWER ✓ Expected outcome
, 28.What is the term for the measurement of the extent to which the patient has
achieved the goals specified in the care plan
- factors that can positively or negatively affect achievement are
identified and the plan of care can be terminated or revised. -
ANSWER ✓ evaluation
29.what is toxicology and how do we measure a drugs toxicity? - ANSWER ✓
Toxicology deals with the effects of drugs. Toxicity is measured through the
Therapeutic Index.
30.What is a perceived or anticipated threat that disrupts a person's well-being
or homeostasis, and exceeds the individuals capacity to meet demands? -
ANSWER ✓ Stress
31.3 types of stimuli that can trigger a stress response? - ANSWER ✓
psychological/emotional
physical
physiologic
32.psychological/emotional stimuli to stress - ANSWER ✓ fear, social rejection
33.physical stimuli to stress - ANSWER ✓ dramatic temperature changes,
abuse
34.physiologic stimuli to stress - ANSWER ✓ infection, inflammation
35.What is commonly used to describe negative thoughts and uncontrolled
feelings? - ANSWER ✓ Stress
36.What is negative feedback system - ANSWER ✓ Low levels of a hormone
stimulate production High levels of a hormone stop production
37.examples of negative feedback - ANSWER ✓ body temperature, blood
pressure, glucose regulation
38.negative feedback vs positive feedback - ANSWER ✓ - Negative reduces
effect/eliminates original stimulus eg. human body temp
