PNR300 WEEK 2 ETHICAL THEORIES AND PRINCIPLES EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS VERIFIED

PNR300 WEEK 2 ETHICAL THEORIES AND PRINCIPLES EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS VERIFIED Theory proposed explanation for a class of phenomena; not necessarily the truth or reality but might shed the light on truth Define ethics - Set of standards of conduct that guide decisions and actions based on duties derived from core values. - always involves thinking an feeling, study and practice knowledge and intuition Ethical Theories - A moral principles or a set of moral principles that can be used in assessing what is morally right or morally wrong in a given situation - can be used to develop decision making tools for application in clinical setting -provide us with framework to help us do the right thing or make right decisions what are the 4 major ethical theories ? 1. deontology 2. utilitarianism 3. feminist ethics 4. ethics of caring or nursing ethics Deontology/Kantian Ethics - by Immanuel Kant - focused on your duties and obligations and if this is followed, your action will be ethical - Rule has no exceptions (NO EXCUSES) Based on deontology ethics, our duty us determined by what ? MAXIMS - logical principles are based on reason (truth is right) ethical theory based on belief that humans have the capacity to think through problems and determine the right action based on duty (focuses on rightness and wrongness of an act and consequences do not matter) DEONTOLOGY utilitarian - opposite of deontology - looks at the greater outcomes, promotes happiness and well-being -determines the right and wrong by focusing on the outcomes -This theory believe that ethical choice is the one with the best outcomes, there is no absolute principles, rules, and duties - It is also based on the assumption that we can calculate the relative good or harm UTILITARIAN Feminist perspectives - newer - not one theory , but rather follow common values - social justice, relationships, community this theory believes that there is more to ethics than abstract reasoning Feminist 2 basic types of feminist moral perspectives 1. Care-focused 2. Power-focused Care-focused argues that a feminine, relationship-focused style of moral reasoning works