Med Math Exam 1 with Analyzed Questions and Correct answers Guaranteed to Score an A (2025 Updated Version).

Med Math Exam 1 with Analyzed Questions and Correct answers Guaranteed to Score an A (2025 Updated Version). Three most common errors for novice nurses? 1. Medication Errors 2. Delay of treatment 3. Improper supervision: Patient Falls 5 interventions for nurses: 1. Increase awareness of potential error (education/know why & assess) 2. Enhance effective critical thinking 3. Use of technology (personal computers/EHR & less handwriting) 4. Ask questions (don't guess) 5. Reduction medication error by -including a checklist & - improving nurse/doctor communication (includes the 5 rights) SBAR Situation Background Assessment Reccomendation Out comes from 5 interventions -improved patient outcomes -reduced liability -improved nurse retention -lowering turnover are all potential benefits of reducing error made by novice nurses Leading Zero If not a whole number then place the zero before the decimal Examples: 0.50, 0.25 Trailing Zero Drop if whole number Example: 10, 12 Rounding of Decimals for Tablets are broken into what fractions? 1/2 or 1/4 Rounding off decimals for liquids (in syringe) tenths or hundreds Rounding off decimals for intravenous Drips are in whole number Rule for rounding off decimals If the last number is 5 or greater, drop it (round it off) and increase to by 1 Example: 0.76 becomes 0.8 or 0.44 becomes 0.4 Round off to nearest tenth or nearest hundreth Percents in fraction 5% is 5/100 Percent as a ratio 5% is 5:100 Percent as a decimal 5% is 0.05 Percentages are know as parts per what hundred Fractions have what on top and what on bottom numerator on top and denominator on bottom Example 2/3 Ratio is what Relationship between to numbers separated by a colon Example: 6:100 Kg Kilogram g Gram mg Miligram mcg Microgram 1 kg is equal to how many grams 1000 g 1 g is equal to how many mg 1000 mg 1 mg is equal to how many mcg 1000 mcg Converting from large to small (g to mg) 3 spaces to the right or multiply by 1,000 Converting from small to large (mg to g) 3 spaces to the left or divide by 1,000 The medication supply unit should be equal to what the medication order unit tbsp Tablespoon tsp Teaspoon oz Ounce qt Quart lb Pound cm centimenter 1 tsp equals how many mL 1 tsp = 5 mL 1 tbsp equals how many mL 1 tbsp = 15 mL 1 oz equals how many mL 1 oz = 30 mL 1 cup is how many ounces 1 cup = 8 oz 1 cup equals how many mL 1 cup = 240-250 mL 1 pt is how many mL 1 pt = 500 mL 1 qt equals how many mL 1 qt = 1000 mL 1 L equals how many mL 1 L = 1,000 mL 2.2 lb equals how many kg 2.2 lb = 1 kg 1 lb equals how many ounces 1 lb = 16 ounces 1 inch is how many cm 1 inch = 2.54 cm 1 mL is equal to how many cc 1 mL = 1 cc 15 mL = 1 tbsp and how many oz? 15 mL = 1 tbsp = 1/2 oz 30 mL = 2 tbsp and how many oz 30 mL = 2 tbsp = 1 fl oz 1 cup = 8 oz = how many mL 1 cup = 8 oz = 240-250 mL 500 mL = 1 pt = how many cups 500 mL = 1 pt = 2 cups 500 mL = 1 pt = 2 cups = how many oz 16 oz 1000 mL = 1 L = how many qt? 1000 mL = 1 L = 1 qt 1000 mL = 1 L = 1 qt = how many pt 1000 mL = 1 L = 1 qt = 2 pt Children are weighed in what kg Adults are weighed in what lbs lb to kg divide by 2.2 kg to lb Multiple by 2.2 Freezing Temp 32 degrees F 0 degrees C Boiling Temp 212 degrees F 100 degrees C Normal Temp 98.6 degrees F 37 degrees C Elevated Temp 102 degrees F 38.89 degrees C Unit is used to measure measure for insulin and heparin, and vitamins such as A, C, D milliunits is 1000 of a unit mEq Milliequivalent mEq is used for measuring what amount of potassium (blood or drug) stat immediately HHN handheld nebulizer IM intramuscularly IV intravenously IVP intravenous push IVPB intravenous piggyback MDI metered-dose inhaler NEB nebulizer NGT (ng) nasal gastric tube PO by mouth pr or PR in the rectum SL sublingual or under the tongue S & S swish and sallow eye, ear and subcutaneously are what? Written out - no abbreviations cap / caps capsules CR controlled release LA Long acting SA sustained action SR slow release DS double strength EC enteric coated el or elix elixir sol solution sp spirit sup or supp suppository susp suspension syr syrup tabs or tab tablet tr or tinct tincture oint ointment KVO keep the vein open TKO to keep the vein open NKA Know know allergies NKDA No known drug allergies forms of drugs tablets, liquids, suppositories, ointments, capsules Trade name Kefzol Generic name cefazolin sodium Parental Route Does not involve the GI track 1. Ampules 2. Vials 3. Plastic bags or glass containers for IV use 4. Pre-filled syringes 5. Pre-filled cartridges Ampules Glass container that holds a single sterile dose of the drug - either liquid, powder or crystal. Once glass is broken the drug cannot be kept sterile so nurse must be sure to discard any portion of dug not immediately used Vial Glass or plastic container with a sealed rubber top. May have sterile liquid, or sterile powder that the nurse must reconstitute with a sterile diluent and syringe. Plastic Bag or glass container for IV use holds sterile medication for IV use. administer the fluid via IV tubing connected to a needle or catheter placed in the patient's blood vessel Pre-filled syringe Contains sterile liquid medication that is ready to administer without further preparation. Expensive but can save lives in an emergency when speed is essential pre filled cartridges actually small vials with needle or needless device attached. Fit into metal or plastic holder and eject one dose of a sterile drug in liquid form. Topic Route Applied to the skin mucous membranes that take a local effect 1. Transdermal patches 2. lozenges 3. suppositories 4. squeezable containers (vagina or rectal enemas) Transdermal patches Adhesive bandages place on the skin. Hold drug form that is slowly absorbed into the circulation over a period ranging from hours to several days Lozenges Dislike solids that slowly dissolve in the mouth (cough drops) some are prepares in a gum and released by chewing ( nicotine) Suppositories In foil or plastic wrapper are molded forms that can be inserted into the rectum or vagina. Hold medication that melts are body temp and releases the drug. used for unconscious patients or those unable to sallow Squeezable containers Plastic and disposable. hold either prepared solutions for the vagina or enema solutions that are administered rectally. Oral Route stock medications (cough med, tablets, capsules, powder) check the date and time for expiration Parental route multidose package date and time, sterile technique Topical administration multidose package - for one patient - avoid contamination - avoid touching mucous membranes - metered-dose inhalers Scored tablets Break in half, drug evenly distributed Enteric -coated tablets dissolve in intestine rather than acid stomach - do not break of crush Extended-released tablets XL = extended release CD = controlled dose SR = for slow or sustained release All have longer duration of action Caspules Avoid opening Pouring Liquids -Pour liquid to line ( this is called meniscus) -pour at eye level on flat surface Low dose insulin syringe 1/2 mL syringe that holds 50 units of insulin and has markings every 5 units that equal 1 unit each Regular insulin syringe is a 1 mL syringe that holds 100 units and has a small 23-25 gauge need for subcutaneous injections Precision Syringes Most accurate, marked in hundredth of mililiter Rounding off when using a syringe -currently is less than 1 mL round to the nearest hundreth -currently is greater than 1 mL syringe round to the nearest tenth Calculations of oral medications can be either solid or liquid D desired dose ( dr. order) H have on hand ( from pharmacy) S supply (tablet, liquid, suspension) X unknown (ex : how many tablets to give) Simplest Formula method Desired dose divided by have on hand. Multiplied by supply = X (D / H) x S = X for over the counter medications you never what Convert