MBIO 3401 Exam final zhang ttu EXAM QUESTIONS WITH
ACTUAL CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS
Nori used as a sushi wrap is produced by growing Porphyra, a ________, in tanks. - ANSWER-red
algae
The electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) is utilized to monitor molecular interactions
between... - ANSWER-DNA and proteins
In many bacteria, the electron carrier ______ is used for biosynthesis, wereas ______ feeds the
electron transport system. - ANSWER-NADPH; NADH
How many turns of the Calvin cycle does it take to provide one molecule of glyceraldehyde-3-
phosphate into the biosynthesis of glucose? - ANSWER-3
Which of the following is NOT a terminal electron acceptor in anaerobic respirations? -
ANSWER-hydrogen sulfide
The recipient of Hfr conjugation _________ becomes an F+ or Hfr cell. - ANSWER-rarely
The difference between generalized and specialized transduction is... - ANSWER-that in
generalized transduction, any DNA can be moved, but with specialized transduction, only
certain DNA near the phage site can be moved.
,Mold ripening refers to the secondary _______ stage of cheese production. - ANSWER-
fermentation
A bacterium capable of producing methane and water from carbon dioxide and hydrogen
performs a type of metabolism called _______ and, given its sources of electrons, it is a
_________. - ANSWER-methanogenesis; chemolithotroph
Chemoorganotrophy is a term describing microorganisms that... - ANSWER-use organic
compounds as a source of electrons and obtain energy through fermentations or respiration
What kind of mutation is produced by transposable elements? - ANSWER-insertion
_______ prevent transcription, whereas ________ stimulates transcription. - ANSWER-
Repressors; activators
Hydrolysis of ATP with the release of pyrophosphate is the driving force of which of the
following reaction(s)? - ANSWER-DNA and RNA synthesis
A derivative F plasmid that contains host DNA is called an... - ANSWER-F' plasmid
How does bacteriorhodopsin couple photoexcitation with proton pumping? - ANSWER-Light-
induced conformational changes of retinal cause the protein to extrude one proton.
Electron transport systems are embedded in what membrane system, among others? -
ANSWER-mitochondrial inner membrane
thylakoids
inner membrane of Gram-negative bacteria
,Which of the following is the most common cause of food-borne deaths in the United States? -
ANSWER-Salmonella
Which form of control is the most rapid? - ANSWER-translational control
Most virus particles produced from an influenza virus infection are... - ANSWER-defective
A loss-of-function mutation could NOT be caused by... - ANSWER-silent mutation
HIV-infected cells can fuse with a neighboring cell, resulting in the formation of a giant
multinucleate cell called a(n)... - ANSWER-synctyium
Which of the following best describes the genome of the influenza virus? - ANSWER-negative-
strand segmented DNA
Once T4 DNA has been injected into host cells, all of the following virus life cycle stages take
place EXCEPT... - ANSWER-T4 undergo lytic or lysogenic cycles depending on environmental
factors
A modest level of ethanol enters the human circulation naturally from _______, equivalent to a
fraction of a drink per day. - ANSWER-intestinal flora
Herpes simplex viruses causes primary _______ infections - ANSWER-epithelial
The process of importing free DNA into cells is known as... - ANSWER-transformation
Production of traditionally fermented foods typically relies on ________ flora, whereas
commercially fermentation generally relies on ________ - ANSWER-indigenous; starter cultures
, What type of reporter fusions can expose both transcriptional and translational controls? -
ANSWER-gene fusions
Extreme halophilic archaea exclusively utilize which kind of ion gradient? - ANSWER-sodium ion
The role of leader sequence in Tryp operon is to... - ANSWER-determine whether transcription
can proceed through the genes in the operon
Which pathway is utilized for carbon fixation in chloroplasts and cyanobacteria? - ANSWER-the
Calvin cycle or reductive pentose phosphate cycle
Microbial biosynthetic processes require... - ANSWER-essential elements
reduction
energy
Infection of potato crops by the fungus Phytophthora infestans is a constant menace to farmers.
A biotechnological approach to prevent the recurrence of such an infestation is... - ANSWER-
introducing a wild potato gene that conveys resistance to P. infestans into commercial potato
breeds
Cyanobacteria have _______-based photosynthesis and are the only _______-producing
bacteria - ANSWER-H2O; O2
Which of the following is the favored carbon source of E. coli? - ANSWER-glucose
The enzyme pyruvate kinase catalyzes the conversion of phosphoenolypyruvate to pyruvate; the
phosphate group is transferred to ADP to form ATP. This reaction is an example of... - ANSWER-
ATP synthesis by substrate-level phosphorylation
ACTUAL CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS
Nori used as a sushi wrap is produced by growing Porphyra, a ________, in tanks. - ANSWER-red
algae
The electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) is utilized to monitor molecular interactions
between... - ANSWER-DNA and proteins
In many bacteria, the electron carrier ______ is used for biosynthesis, wereas ______ feeds the
electron transport system. - ANSWER-NADPH; NADH
How many turns of the Calvin cycle does it take to provide one molecule of glyceraldehyde-3-
phosphate into the biosynthesis of glucose? - ANSWER-3
Which of the following is NOT a terminal electron acceptor in anaerobic respirations? -
ANSWER-hydrogen sulfide
The recipient of Hfr conjugation _________ becomes an F+ or Hfr cell. - ANSWER-rarely
The difference between generalized and specialized transduction is... - ANSWER-that in
generalized transduction, any DNA can be moved, but with specialized transduction, only
certain DNA near the phage site can be moved.
,Mold ripening refers to the secondary _______ stage of cheese production. - ANSWER-
fermentation
A bacterium capable of producing methane and water from carbon dioxide and hydrogen
performs a type of metabolism called _______ and, given its sources of electrons, it is a
_________. - ANSWER-methanogenesis; chemolithotroph
Chemoorganotrophy is a term describing microorganisms that... - ANSWER-use organic
compounds as a source of electrons and obtain energy through fermentations or respiration
What kind of mutation is produced by transposable elements? - ANSWER-insertion
_______ prevent transcription, whereas ________ stimulates transcription. - ANSWER-
Repressors; activators
Hydrolysis of ATP with the release of pyrophosphate is the driving force of which of the
following reaction(s)? - ANSWER-DNA and RNA synthesis
A derivative F plasmid that contains host DNA is called an... - ANSWER-F' plasmid
How does bacteriorhodopsin couple photoexcitation with proton pumping? - ANSWER-Light-
induced conformational changes of retinal cause the protein to extrude one proton.
Electron transport systems are embedded in what membrane system, among others? -
ANSWER-mitochondrial inner membrane
thylakoids
inner membrane of Gram-negative bacteria
,Which of the following is the most common cause of food-borne deaths in the United States? -
ANSWER-Salmonella
Which form of control is the most rapid? - ANSWER-translational control
Most virus particles produced from an influenza virus infection are... - ANSWER-defective
A loss-of-function mutation could NOT be caused by... - ANSWER-silent mutation
HIV-infected cells can fuse with a neighboring cell, resulting in the formation of a giant
multinucleate cell called a(n)... - ANSWER-synctyium
Which of the following best describes the genome of the influenza virus? - ANSWER-negative-
strand segmented DNA
Once T4 DNA has been injected into host cells, all of the following virus life cycle stages take
place EXCEPT... - ANSWER-T4 undergo lytic or lysogenic cycles depending on environmental
factors
A modest level of ethanol enters the human circulation naturally from _______, equivalent to a
fraction of a drink per day. - ANSWER-intestinal flora
Herpes simplex viruses causes primary _______ infections - ANSWER-epithelial
The process of importing free DNA into cells is known as... - ANSWER-transformation
Production of traditionally fermented foods typically relies on ________ flora, whereas
commercially fermentation generally relies on ________ - ANSWER-indigenous; starter cultures
, What type of reporter fusions can expose both transcriptional and translational controls? -
ANSWER-gene fusions
Extreme halophilic archaea exclusively utilize which kind of ion gradient? - ANSWER-sodium ion
The role of leader sequence in Tryp operon is to... - ANSWER-determine whether transcription
can proceed through the genes in the operon
Which pathway is utilized for carbon fixation in chloroplasts and cyanobacteria? - ANSWER-the
Calvin cycle or reductive pentose phosphate cycle
Microbial biosynthetic processes require... - ANSWER-essential elements
reduction
energy
Infection of potato crops by the fungus Phytophthora infestans is a constant menace to farmers.
A biotechnological approach to prevent the recurrence of such an infestation is... - ANSWER-
introducing a wild potato gene that conveys resistance to P. infestans into commercial potato
breeds
Cyanobacteria have _______-based photosynthesis and are the only _______-producing
bacteria - ANSWER-H2O; O2
Which of the following is the favored carbon source of E. coli? - ANSWER-glucose
The enzyme pyruvate kinase catalyzes the conversion of phosphoenolypyruvate to pyruvate; the
phosphate group is transferred to ADP to form ATP. This reaction is an example of... - ANSWER-
ATP synthesis by substrate-level phosphorylation
