SAIT ACP pharmacology Test Questions with Correct Answers Latest Update 2025
Antiemetic drugs (4) - Answers Ondasteron
Dimenhydrinate
Metoclopramide
Diphenhydramine
Metoclopramide (Maxeran) classification (2) - Answers Antiemetic
modifier of upper GI tract motility
Metoclopramide (Maxeran) Actions (5) - Answers increases pressure in lower esophageal sphincter
increasing peristaltic movements in the esophagus, stomach, and small intestine
increases gastric emptying
relieves N/V
Antagonizes central and peripheral dopamine receptors, raising the threshold of activity in the
chemoreceptor zone- antiemetic effects
Used to counteract the gastric states and nausea associated with migraine
Metoclopramide (Maxeran) Indications - Answers N/V
Headache suggestive of being vascular in origin (migraine)
Metoclopramide (Maxeran) Contraindications (5) - Answers Hypersensitivity
GI obstruction
,GI bleed
Seizure disorder
Concurrent use with other agents likely to increase extrapyramidal reactions
Metoclopramide (Maxeran) N/V dose (3) - Answers 10mg diluted in 50mL NS and infuse over 5 (five)
mins NO REPEAT
or 10mg IM NO REPEAT
(10mg IM/IV q 8-12 hrs, prn)*
Metoclopramide (Maxeran) HA dose (2) - Answers 10mg diltued in 50mL NS and infuse over 15 (fifteen)
mins NO REPEAT
or 10mg IM NO REPEAT
Metoclopramide (Maxeran) pharmacokinetics - Answers Half life: 3-5 hrs
Metoclopramide (Maxeran) Considerations (4) - Answers Maxeran can cause extrapyramidal symptoms
if administered to quickly:
A) Dyskinesia- repetitive, involuntary body/facial movements
B) Akathisia- extreme form of restlessness
C) Dystonia- very strong muscle contractions
Use with caution in pts with HTN, depression, parkinson's, elders (risk of dyskinesia), breast CA
Metoclopramide (Maxeran) Adverse effects (4) - Answers Drowsiness
dizziness
, seizures
tachydysrhythmias
Dimenhydrinate (Gravol) Classification (2) - Answers Antiemetic
Antihistamine
Dimenhydrinate (Gravol) Actions (4) - Answers Depressant action on hyper stimulated labyrinthine
functions and diminishes vestibular function
Sedative effects due to inhibition of histamine and blockade of central histaminergic receptors
central inhibition of acetylcholine
H1 receptor antagonist
Dimenhydrinate (Gravol) Indications (5) - Answers Prevention and treatment of N/V associated with:
motion sickness
radiation sickness
Meniere's disease
Labryinthine disturbances
Post-operative vomiting
Dimenhydrinate (Gravol) Contraindications (3) - Answers Known hypersensitivity to dimenhydramine
and dimenhydrinate
Antiemetic drugs (4) - Answers Ondasteron
Dimenhydrinate
Metoclopramide
Diphenhydramine
Metoclopramide (Maxeran) classification (2) - Answers Antiemetic
modifier of upper GI tract motility
Metoclopramide (Maxeran) Actions (5) - Answers increases pressure in lower esophageal sphincter
increasing peristaltic movements in the esophagus, stomach, and small intestine
increases gastric emptying
relieves N/V
Antagonizes central and peripheral dopamine receptors, raising the threshold of activity in the
chemoreceptor zone- antiemetic effects
Used to counteract the gastric states and nausea associated with migraine
Metoclopramide (Maxeran) Indications - Answers N/V
Headache suggestive of being vascular in origin (migraine)
Metoclopramide (Maxeran) Contraindications (5) - Answers Hypersensitivity
GI obstruction
,GI bleed
Seizure disorder
Concurrent use with other agents likely to increase extrapyramidal reactions
Metoclopramide (Maxeran) N/V dose (3) - Answers 10mg diluted in 50mL NS and infuse over 5 (five)
mins NO REPEAT
or 10mg IM NO REPEAT
(10mg IM/IV q 8-12 hrs, prn)*
Metoclopramide (Maxeran) HA dose (2) - Answers 10mg diltued in 50mL NS and infuse over 15 (fifteen)
mins NO REPEAT
or 10mg IM NO REPEAT
Metoclopramide (Maxeran) pharmacokinetics - Answers Half life: 3-5 hrs
Metoclopramide (Maxeran) Considerations (4) - Answers Maxeran can cause extrapyramidal symptoms
if administered to quickly:
A) Dyskinesia- repetitive, involuntary body/facial movements
B) Akathisia- extreme form of restlessness
C) Dystonia- very strong muscle contractions
Use with caution in pts with HTN, depression, parkinson's, elders (risk of dyskinesia), breast CA
Metoclopramide (Maxeran) Adverse effects (4) - Answers Drowsiness
dizziness
, seizures
tachydysrhythmias
Dimenhydrinate (Gravol) Classification (2) - Answers Antiemetic
Antihistamine
Dimenhydrinate (Gravol) Actions (4) - Answers Depressant action on hyper stimulated labyrinthine
functions and diminishes vestibular function
Sedative effects due to inhibition of histamine and blockade of central histaminergic receptors
central inhibition of acetylcholine
H1 receptor antagonist
Dimenhydrinate (Gravol) Indications (5) - Answers Prevention and treatment of N/V associated with:
motion sickness
radiation sickness
Meniere's disease
Labryinthine disturbances
Post-operative vomiting
Dimenhydrinate (Gravol) Contraindications (3) - Answers Known hypersensitivity to dimenhydramine
and dimenhydrinate
