ILRLR 3300 Terms Exam Questions With
100% Correct Answers
Acceptance - ANSWER One possible response to an argument; the agreement to accept
the argument presented and find it persuasive.
Accessibility - ANSWER As a test of evidence, the availability of evidence for
examination.
Adequacy - ANSWER as a test of evidence, whether the evidence presented, when
taken together, is sufficient to support its claim
ad hominem fallacy - ANSWER an intentional effort to attack a person rather than an
argument, by damaging an opponent's character or reputation or by engaging in
name-calling and labeling
ad populum fallacy - ANSWER appealing to the audience and its interests rather than to
the merits of the argument
Advocacy - ANSWER the activity of promoting or opposing an idea in public settings
Affirmative Case - ANSWER in a policy debate, a series of arguments challenging the
status quo
A fortiori argument - ANSWER a literal analogy that asserts that what is true of its
evidence case is even more likely or even less likely to be true of its conclusion case
Ambiguity - ANSWER more than one meaning of a word or phrase in a single context
Analogy - ANSWER For the sake of supporting a claim, a comparison of something
which we are familiar to something with which we are less familiar, or about which we
have some question.
antecedent - ANSWER The 'if' clause in a conditional statement.
Appeal - ANSWER A persuasive strategy directed to the audience's emotions, sense of
humor, or deeply held loyalties and commitments
Appeal to Authority - ANSWER an appeal that urges compliance with the directive of a
person, group, or document possessing power
arguing comparative advantages - ANSWER a response to a pragmatic argument or
policy proposal; arguing that an alternative course of action carries greater practical
advantages than the proposed plan does
arguing from correlation alone - ANSWER a fallacy; attributing cause simply on the basis
,of events occurring or varying simultaneously
Arguing from Ignorance - ANSWER A fallacy; falsely assuming that a conclusion can be
reached on the basis of the absence of evidence. One form of this argument assumes
that because something has not been disproved, it has therefore been proved
arguing from succession alone - ANSWER a fallacy; attributing cause simply on the
basis of one event preceding another. also called "arguing post hoc", an abbreviation of
the latin phrase, "post hoc ergo propter hoc", which means, "after this therefore
because of this"
Argument - ANSWER A claim advanced with a reason or reasons in its support
Argumentation - ANSWER the cooperative activity of developing and advancing
arguments and of responding to the arguments of others
argumentative contexts - ANSWER The spaces, venue, and relationships in which
arguments are made and heard.
Argumentative definition - ANSWER a definition employed strategically to categorize an
object or event so as to support a particular conclusion to an argument
Argument from direction - ANSWER an argument that strings together two or more
conditional statements to predict a remote result from a first step
argument from example - ANSWER an argument that draws a conclusion about an entire
class of objects or events based on a particular instance or a limited number of cases,
rather than about a single member of a group
argument from function - ANSWER An argument that locates the essential nature of an
object, event, or institution in its social or natural function
Argument from intent - ANSWER an argument that affirms that the meaning or essential
nature of an object or document is revealed in the intended meaning of its authors or
designers
argument from principle - ANSWER an argument that affirms that we should abide by
values, principles, and duties, and avoid actions that violate the same
Argument from quality - ANSWER an argument that affirms the inherent value in the
unique, the beautiful, the rare, or the unusual
Argument from quantity - ANSWER an argument that affirms numerical considerations
as an index of significance
argument from sign - ANSWER an argument that reasons from an effect back to a cause
argument virtues - ANSWER those moral qualities and skills that help people think and
act morally in an argumentative situation, and thus pursue argumentation in a manner
that promotes and improves its practice
, arrangement fallacy - ANSWER the fallacy that creates a false impression by ordering,
associating, or grouping items of evidence in a misleading way
attitudinal inherency - ANSWER in policy debate, the inherency that shows that current
attitudes or beliefs contribute to the harms caused by the status quo
audience - ANSWER the people for whom we develop our arguments.
audience analysis - ANSWER seeking an accurate sense of the nature of the audience
so you can adapt your arguments to that audience
backing - ANSWER a foundational assumption or presupposition that supports a warrant
(Toulmin model)
biased testimony - ANSWER testimony from individuals who stand to gain if what they
say is accepted
burden of proof - ANSWER In policy debate, the obligation to provide sufficient evidence
in support of an assertion
Case - ANSWER a series of arguments, all advanced to support the same general
contention or set of conclusions
categorical argument - ANSWER an argument composed of three categorical
statements -- two statements that are its reasons, or premises, and one that is its
conclusion
Categorical syllogism - ANSWER categorical argument
Categorical statement - ANSWER a statement that establishes a relationship between
two categories, or classes, of objects
100% Correct Answers
Acceptance - ANSWER One possible response to an argument; the agreement to accept
the argument presented and find it persuasive.
Accessibility - ANSWER As a test of evidence, the availability of evidence for
examination.
Adequacy - ANSWER as a test of evidence, whether the evidence presented, when
taken together, is sufficient to support its claim
ad hominem fallacy - ANSWER an intentional effort to attack a person rather than an
argument, by damaging an opponent's character or reputation or by engaging in
name-calling and labeling
ad populum fallacy - ANSWER appealing to the audience and its interests rather than to
the merits of the argument
Advocacy - ANSWER the activity of promoting or opposing an idea in public settings
Affirmative Case - ANSWER in a policy debate, a series of arguments challenging the
status quo
A fortiori argument - ANSWER a literal analogy that asserts that what is true of its
evidence case is even more likely or even less likely to be true of its conclusion case
Ambiguity - ANSWER more than one meaning of a word or phrase in a single context
Analogy - ANSWER For the sake of supporting a claim, a comparison of something
which we are familiar to something with which we are less familiar, or about which we
have some question.
antecedent - ANSWER The 'if' clause in a conditional statement.
Appeal - ANSWER A persuasive strategy directed to the audience's emotions, sense of
humor, or deeply held loyalties and commitments
Appeal to Authority - ANSWER an appeal that urges compliance with the directive of a
person, group, or document possessing power
arguing comparative advantages - ANSWER a response to a pragmatic argument or
policy proposal; arguing that an alternative course of action carries greater practical
advantages than the proposed plan does
arguing from correlation alone - ANSWER a fallacy; attributing cause simply on the basis
,of events occurring or varying simultaneously
Arguing from Ignorance - ANSWER A fallacy; falsely assuming that a conclusion can be
reached on the basis of the absence of evidence. One form of this argument assumes
that because something has not been disproved, it has therefore been proved
arguing from succession alone - ANSWER a fallacy; attributing cause simply on the
basis of one event preceding another. also called "arguing post hoc", an abbreviation of
the latin phrase, "post hoc ergo propter hoc", which means, "after this therefore
because of this"
Argument - ANSWER A claim advanced with a reason or reasons in its support
Argumentation - ANSWER the cooperative activity of developing and advancing
arguments and of responding to the arguments of others
argumentative contexts - ANSWER The spaces, venue, and relationships in which
arguments are made and heard.
Argumentative definition - ANSWER a definition employed strategically to categorize an
object or event so as to support a particular conclusion to an argument
Argument from direction - ANSWER an argument that strings together two or more
conditional statements to predict a remote result from a first step
argument from example - ANSWER an argument that draws a conclusion about an entire
class of objects or events based on a particular instance or a limited number of cases,
rather than about a single member of a group
argument from function - ANSWER An argument that locates the essential nature of an
object, event, or institution in its social or natural function
Argument from intent - ANSWER an argument that affirms that the meaning or essential
nature of an object or document is revealed in the intended meaning of its authors or
designers
argument from principle - ANSWER an argument that affirms that we should abide by
values, principles, and duties, and avoid actions that violate the same
Argument from quality - ANSWER an argument that affirms the inherent value in the
unique, the beautiful, the rare, or the unusual
Argument from quantity - ANSWER an argument that affirms numerical considerations
as an index of significance
argument from sign - ANSWER an argument that reasons from an effect back to a cause
argument virtues - ANSWER those moral qualities and skills that help people think and
act morally in an argumentative situation, and thus pursue argumentation in a manner
that promotes and improves its practice
, arrangement fallacy - ANSWER the fallacy that creates a false impression by ordering,
associating, or grouping items of evidence in a misleading way
attitudinal inherency - ANSWER in policy debate, the inherency that shows that current
attitudes or beliefs contribute to the harms caused by the status quo
audience - ANSWER the people for whom we develop our arguments.
audience analysis - ANSWER seeking an accurate sense of the nature of the audience
so you can adapt your arguments to that audience
backing - ANSWER a foundational assumption or presupposition that supports a warrant
(Toulmin model)
biased testimony - ANSWER testimony from individuals who stand to gain if what they
say is accepted
burden of proof - ANSWER In policy debate, the obligation to provide sufficient evidence
in support of an assertion
Case - ANSWER a series of arguments, all advanced to support the same general
contention or set of conclusions
categorical argument - ANSWER an argument composed of three categorical
statements -- two statements that are its reasons, or premises, and one that is its
conclusion
Categorical syllogism - ANSWER categorical argument
Categorical statement - ANSWER a statement that establishes a relationship between
two categories, or classes, of objects
