Test Bank for Clayton-s Basic Pharmacology for Nurses 19th & 18h Edition By Bruce Clayton ( in Bundle).pdf

Test Bank for Basic Pharmacology for N
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Chapter 02: Basic Principles of Drug Action and Drug Interacti
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ons
Clayton/Willihnganz: Basic Pharmacology for Nurses, 17th Edition MULTIPr r r r r r r




LE CHOICE
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1.The nurse assesses hives in a patient started on a new medication. What is the nurs
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e‟s priority action?
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a. Notify physician of allergic reaction.
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b.Notify physician of idiosyncratic reaction.
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c. Notify physician of potential teratogenicity.
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d.Notify physician of potential tolerance.
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ANS: A r




An allergic reaction is indicative of hypersensitivity and manifests with hives and/or u
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rticaria, which are easily identified. An idiosyncratic reaction occurs when something
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unusual or abnormal happens when a drug is first administered. A teratogenic reaction
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refers to the occurrence of birth defects related to
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,administration of the drug. Tolerance refers to the body‟s requirement for increasing r r r r r r r r r r r r


dosages to achieve the same effects that a lower dose once did.
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DIF: Cognitive Level: Application REF: Page 17 OBJ: 4 TOP:Nur
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sing Process Step: Assessment
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MSC:NCLEX Client Needs Category: Physiological Integrity NOT:CONCEPT(S): r r r r r r




r Clinical Judgment; Safety r r




2.The nurse administers an initial dose of a steroid to a patient with asthma. Thirty min
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utes after administration, the nurse finds the patient agitated and stating that “everyone
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is out to get me.” What is the term for this unusual reaction?
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a. Desired action r


b.Adverse effect r


c. Idiosyncratic reaction r


d.Allergic reaction r




ANS: C r




Idiosyncratic reactions are unusual, abnormal reactions that occur when a drug is first
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administered. Patients typically exhibit an overresponsiveness to a medication related
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to diminished metabolism. These reactions are believed to be related to genetic enzym
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e deficiencies. Desired actions are expected responses to a medication. Adverse effect
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s are reactions that occur in another system of the body; they are usually predictable. Al
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lergic reactions appear after repeated medication dosages.
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DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge REF: Page 18 OBJ: 4 TOP:Nurs
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ing Process Step: Evaluation
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MSC:NCLEX Client Needs Category: Physiological Integrity r r r r r




NOT: CONCEPT(S): Patient Education; Clinical Judgment; Caregiving; Safety; Se
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nsory Perception r




3.Which is the best description of when drug interactions occur? a.
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On administration of toxic dosages of a drug
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, b.On an increase in the pharmacodynamics of bound drugs
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c. On the alteration of the effect of one drug by another drug
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d.On increase of drug excretion
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ANS: C r




Drug interactions may be characterized by an increase or decrease in the effective
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ness of one or both of the drugs. Toxicity of one drug may or may not affect the met
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abolism of another one. Drug interactions may result from either increased or decr
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eased pharmacodynamics. Drug interactions may result from either increased or d
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ecreased excretion. r




DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension REF: Page 18 OBJ: 5 TOP:
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Nursing Process Step: Assessment r r r




MSC:NCLEX Client Needs Category: Physiological Integrity NOT:CONCEPT( r r r r r r




S): Safety; Patient Education; Clinical Judgment
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4.What occurs when two drugs compete for the same receptor site, resulting in inc
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reased activity of the first drug?
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a. Desired action r


b.Synergistic effect r


c. Carcinogenicity
d.Displacement

ANS: D r




The displacement of the first drug from receptor sites by a second drug increases the a
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mount of the first drug because more unbound drug is available. An expected respons
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e of a drug is the desired action. A synergistic effect is the effect of two drugs being gre
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ater than the effect of each chemical individually or the sum of the individual effects.
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Carcinogenicity is the ability of a drug to cause cells to mutate and become cancerous. r r r r r r r r r r r r r r




DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension REF: Page 19 OBJ: 6 TOP:
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Nursing Process Step: Implementation r r r