11. Unit 13: Inorganic Chemistry Exam Questions & Answers

11. Unit 13: Inorganic Chemistry Exam Questions & Answers -_____ reactions release heat -_____ reactions absorb heat - ANSWER--Exothermic -Endothermic .A filled layer contains 8 electrons or an octet for all elements except which? - ANSWER-Hydrogen and helium .Alkali metals are extremely reactive because they - ANSWER-have one valence electron that is easily removed to form a positive ion. .An _____ is the smallest part of an element, what does it consist of? - ANSWER-Atom -Protons, neutrons, and electrons .Atomic number (Z) - ANSWER-The number of protons in nucleus of atom .Atoms - ANSWER-Smallest particle of an element .Atoms are most stable when? - ANSWER-If they have a filled or empty outer layer electrons .Base unit of an amount of a substance in the metric system - ANSWER-mole (mol) .Base unit of energy in the metric system - ANSWER-Joule (J) .Base unit of length in the metric system - ANSWER-meter (m) .Base unit of mass in the metric system - ANSWER-gram (g) .Base unit of temperature in the metric system - ANSWER-Kelvin (K) .Base unit of time in the metric system - ANSWER-second (s) .Base unit of volume in the metric system - ANSWER-liter (l) .Bohr's Theory of the Atom - ANSWER-Tells us that electrons are not located randomly around an atom's nucleus -They occur in specific electron shells .Chemical formula examples - ANSWER-Empirical formula, molecular formula, structural formula .Chemical properties of Matter - ANSWER-These properties of matter involve the ability to form a new substance and behavior with other chemicals .Chemistry definition - ANSWER-The study of matter and the changes it undergoes .Chemistry is the study of connections between _____ and _____ events - ANSWER-Molecular and macroscopic .Columns in the periodic table are called - ANSWER-Groups .Condensation or liquefaction - ANSWER-The conversion of a gas to a liquid or solid (steam becoming water) .Each orbital has a maximum of how many electrons? - ANSWER-2 paired electrons (opposite spins) .Electron shells - ANSWER-Shells have limited capacity for electrons Lower shells filled first .Electrons - ANSWER-Surround the nucleus, only found in orbitals, contain negative charge Orbitals have fixed energy values called quantum .Element definition - ANSWER-The simplest substance, it cannot be broken down into smaller substances .Element Symbol - ANSWER-One or two letter abbreviation .Elements are more chemically similar to which other elements? - ANSWER-The elements above it not beside it .Elements can combine to form _____ - ANSWER-Compounds .Elements in a given _____ share many similar chemical and physical properties - ANSWER-Group .Elements in a given group share - ANSWER-Similar chemical and physical properties .Endothermic changes include what? - ANSWER--Sublimation -Melting or fusion -Evaporation or vaporization