Bio 104S - Exam 4 Chapter 29: Plant Diversity 1: How plants colonized land questons and solutions

1. Many key traits of plants also appear in some algae. mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp




However,plants share the following traits only with charophytes: m
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3. Formation of a :proteins, flagellated, phragmoplast mp mp mp m
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2. note that plants are not descended from modern , but share a common
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ancestor with modern ones: charophytes
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3. In charophytes, a layer of a durable polymer calledmp prevents exposed m
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zygotes from drying out (it is the strongest/toughest chemical substance on
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earth): sporopollenin
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4. Themove toland (plants) provided benefits:unfiltered sunlight,more plen- tiful
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m ,and nutrient-rich soil.Land also presented challenges:a scarcity of
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and lack of structural support against
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5. Plants diversified as evolved that enabled them to thrive on land despite m
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challenges: adaptations
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6. The placement of the boundary dividing plants from algae is the subject of
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ongoing debate.
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Untilthisdebateisresolved,wedefineplantsas m
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:embryophytesm
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7. Fivekeytraitsappearin nearlyall plantsbutareabsentinthe charophytes:
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1. Alternation of generations mp mp




2. Multicellular,dependent embryos m
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3. Walled spores produced in mp mp mp mp




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5. Apical :sporangia, gametangia, meristems mp m p m p m p m p m
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8. the gametophyte generation is haploid and produces haploid gametes by
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:mitosis
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9. fusion of a sperm and egg gives rise to the diploid ,whichproduces mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp m
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haploid spores by meiosis: sporophyte
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10. spores develop into:gametophytes mp mp m
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11. fusion of a sperm and egg gives rise to the diploid sporophyte,which mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp m
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produces haploid
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12. alternation of generations: mp mp




13. The relationship between a gametophyte and a sporophyte in a liverwort is mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp




like the relationship between:
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, a.a brother and a sister.
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b. a grandparent and a grandchild.
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c. an uncle and a nephew. mp mp mp mp




d. a parent and a child. mp mp mp mp




e. two cousins.:d mp m
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14. Multicellular,Dependent Embryos: m
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The diploid embryo is retained within the tissue of the female
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aretransferredfromparenttoembryothroughplacentaltransfercells.Plants are
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called
mp because of the dependency of the embryo on the parent: ga-
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metophyte, embryophytes
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15. The sporophyte produces spores in organs called mp :sporangia mp mp mp mp mp mp m
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16. Diploid cells called undergo meiosis to generate haploid spores:- mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp m
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sporocytes
17. Spore walls contain ,whichmakes them resistanttoharsh environ-
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ments: sporopollenin
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18. Gametes are produced within organs called :gametangia mp mp mp mp mp mp m
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19. female gametangia, called ,produceasinglenonmotileegg:archego- nia mp mp mp m
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20. male gametangia, called ,produce and release sperm:antheridia
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21. each egg is fertilized within an :archegonium mp mp mp mp mp mp m
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22. Plants sustain continual growth in length by repeated cell division within the
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: apical meristems mp mp




23. The appearance of plant spores in the fossil record indicates that plants
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colonized land at least
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24. Most plants have ,cellsjoinedintotubesforthetransportofwater and
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nutrients: vascular tissue
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25. Nonvascular plants are commonly called :bryophytes mp mp mp mp mp m
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26. Seedless vascular plants can be divided into clades::Lycophytes, Monilo- m
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phytes
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27. embryo and nutrients surrounded by a protective coat is called a:seed mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp m
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28. Seed plants form a clade and can be divided into further clades::gym-
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nosperms, angiosperms
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29. produce seeds that are not enclosed in chambers:gymnosperms mp mp mp mp mp mp mp m
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30. produceseedsthatdevelopinsidechambersthatoriginatewithinflowers- m
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:angiosperms
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31. Lycophytes,monilophytes are (seed,vascular):seedless, vascular m
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32. ginkgo,cycads,gnetophyes,conifers (seed,vascular):seed, vascular m
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33. flowering plants:angiosperms mp m
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