BIO 256 Exam 3 (Latest Update) Questions and Answered Elaborations (GRADED A) Chamberlain.

BIO 256 Exam 3 (Latest Update) Questions and Answered Elaborations (GRADED A) Chamberlain. Which of the following are composed of actin thin filaments the major function of the sarcoplasmic reticulum in muscle contraction is to regulate intracellular calcium concentration the sheet of connective tissue beneath skin around a muscle, providing a pathway for nerves and blood vessels is called the fascia a motor unit is a motor neuron and my-fibers it stimulates After nervous stimulation of the muscle cell has ceased, the acetylcholine is destroyed by acetylcholine esterase in muscle contraction calcium acts to change the shape of the troponin-tropomyosin complex muscle tone is a state of sustained partial contraction of muscles An elaborate network of membranes in skeletal muscle cells that functions in calcium storage is the sarcoplasmic reticulum the sheet of connective tissue beneath skin around a muscle, providing a pathway for nerves and blood vessels is called the fascia the major function of the sarcoplasmic reticulum in muscle contraction is to regulate intracellular calcium concentration a motor neuron and the myofibers it innervates is known as a(n) motor unit after nervous stimulation of the muscle cell has ceased, the acetylcholine is destroyed by acetyl choline esterase in muscle action potential, the wave of positive mV charge travels through the _______ to the sarcoplasm front he sarcolemma T-tubules A motor neuron and the myofibers it innervates is known as a(n) motor unit which take the longest time in a contracting skeletal myofiber recovery glucose delivered to a recovering myofiber is used reestablish glycogen stores smooth muscle is significantly different from striated muscle in several ways. which of the following is true smooth muscle can shorten and stretch more than striated muscle which of the following is a regulatory function of blood maintenance of normal pH in body tissues You obtain a tube of blood from a patient. EDTA anticoagulant is in the tube, so the blood does not clot. The tube is centrifuged and you remove the liquid from atop the cells. The liquid thus obtained is called plasma oxygen is transported by red blood cells, it is carried by attaching to the iron ion in heme the process of forming new blood cells is called erythropoiesis Term the primary organs whose macrophages are responsible for phagocytizing worn-out red blood cells are the speed and liver which would be associated with prematurely ruptured erythrocytes hemolytic anemia which of the following is a precursor of a neutrophil myeloblast which of the following is characteristic of all luekocytes they are nucleated acute leukemia is more common in _____ persons; chronic leukemia is more common in ______ persons younger, older when neither anti-A not anti-B agglutinates with a patients blood, their blood type is O We have an expert-written solution to this problem! the cardiac muscle contraction occurs when Ca++ enters the myofibers through slow channels The myocardium requires _____ oxygen than skeletal muscle and has _____ mitochondria more, more Initiation of a normal heart beat is the responsibility of the sinoatrial node Damage to the ________ is referred to as heart block. atrioventricular node Input from the sympathetic nervous system causes the heart rate to increase which component of an electrocardiogram indicates electrical activity associated with ventricular depolarization QRS complex the first heart sound (Lub of Lub-dub) is caused by the closure of the mitral and tricuspid valves During the period of ventricular filling, blood flows from the atria and through the open atrioventricular valves. how does exercising assure greater blood delivery to the active muscles exercising provides increased venous return to the heart Select the correct statement about cardiac output A slow heart rate increases end diastolic volume, stroke volume, and force of contraction. negative chronotropic factors are factors that decrease heart rate The effect of endurance-type athletic training may be to lower the resting heart rate. This phenomenon is cause by hypertrophy of the heart muscle Blood by-passing a capillary bed flows through its metarteriole select the correct statement about factors that influence blood pressure excess red cell production would cause a blood pressure increase which blood vessel would you find has the highest blood pressure aorta Which is NOT directly involved in maintaining your blood pressure? the thymus Which will increase blood pressure alcohol which of the following chemicals does NOT control blood pressure nitric acid Which is NOT a vital sign used to assess the cardiovascular system? serum cholesterol Which is NOT a possible result of chronic hypertension obesity Intense exercise can cause both of the above if the capillary hydrostatic pressure equals 30 mmHg, capillary colloid osmotic pressure equals 26 mmHg, interstitial fluid osmotic pressure equals 5 mmHg, and interstitial hydrostatic pressure equals 2 mmHg, the net filtration pressure will be +7 mmHg We have an expert-written solution to this problem! Bradycardia is a _____ heartbeat, while tachycardia is a _____ heartbeat slow, fast _____ binds Ca++, exposing _____ binding sites on ______ troponin, myosin, actin the functional unit of a skeletal muscle is a sarcomere The muscle cell plasma membrane is called sarcolemma After nervous stimulation of the muscle cell has ceased, the acetylcholine is broken down by acetylcholine esterase in muscle action potential, the wave of positive mV charge travels through the _____ to the sarcoplasm from the sarcolemma t-tubules The number of muscle fibers in a contracted state in an otherwise relaxed muscle is known as muscle tone isotonic contraction, the muscle changes in length and moves the load Immediately following the arrival of the stimulus at a skeletal muscle cell there is a short period called the ________ period during which calcium ions re released from terminal cisterae latent oxygen is stored in myofibers on myoglobin The mechanism of contraction in smooth muscle parallels that of skeletal muscle in the following ways EXCEPT the calcium-mediated regulation of contraction differs which is not a function of blood synthesis of hormones which of these is NOT normal plasma protein hemoglobin oxygen is transported by red blood cells, it is carried by attaching to the iron ion heme Correct developmental sequence of an RBC Proerythroblast, late erythroblast, normoblast, reticulocyte when Reb blood cells wear out, the iron of hemoglobin is saved and recycled. The remainder of the heme is excreted as bile pigments a lack of intrinsic factor, leading to a deficiency of vitamin B12 and large pale red blood cells called macocytes, is characteristic of pernicious anemia Which is a precursor for monocyte? monoblast No visible granules are present in Monocytes Cancer of lymphoblasts developing quickly in a young child would be called acute lymphocytic leukemia Fred's blood was determined to a be AB positive. What does this mean? There are no antibodies to A, to B, or to Rh antigens in his plasma During contraction of heart muscle cells calcium comes in from the extracellular space and then is additionally released from SR If cardiac muscle is deprived of its normal blood supply, damage would primarily result from lack of oxygen in myofibers Which lists the components of the heart's conduction system in the proper order sionatrial node, atrioventricular node, atrioventricular bundle, bundle branches a drop in blood pressure stimulates the cardiovascular center to increase blood pressure and heart rate via epinephrine which component of electrocardiogram indicates electrical activity associated with ventricular depolarization QRS complex the first heart sound (lub) is caused by closure of the mitral and tricuspid valves the dicrotic notch refers to the brief rise in aortic pressure caused by back flow of blood rebounding off the aortic seminar valve If acetylcholine is applied to the heart, but cardiac output is to remain constant, which of the following would have to happen? stroke volume must increase which provides a positive chronotropic effect on the heart norepinephrine Control of blood flow through a capillary bed occurs at its precapillary sphincter which blood vessel would you find the highest blood pressure aorta which of the following in not one of three main factors influencing blood pressure emotional state We have an expert-written solution to this problem! which provides a long term control for blood pressure blood volume which is a risk factor for essential hypertension obesity blood flow to the skin increases when environmental temperature rises which his a condition that may cause transient hypertension anxiety, panic the stimulus for atrial contraction originates at the _____, while the stimulus for ventricular contraction originates at the ____ sinoatrial node, atrioventricular node the exercising muscle, myoglobin repletes _____ and creatine phosphate repletes ____ 02, ATP Which is NOT directly involved in muscle action potential cl- which of the following surrounds the individual muscle cell endomysium the neurotransmitter used at a motor end plate is acetylcholine the role of calcium ions in muscle contraction is to bind regulatory sites on troponin changing the configuration what happened to the muscle in an isotonic contraction changes in length and moves load Athletes sometimes complain of oxygen debt, a condition that results when insufficient oxygen is available to completely break down pyruvic acid. As a result, the pyruvic acid is converted to lactic acid which of the following is true about smooth muscle certain smooth muscle cells can actually divide to increase their numbers which plasma protein is the most abundant albumins the function of hemoglobin is to carry oxygen which of the following might trigger erythropoiesis increased tissue demand for oxygen when old red blood cells are worn out, their components are recycled. The globing from the hemoglobin is metabolized as amino acids all of the following can be expected with polycythemia except low blood viscosity The most abundant human leukocytes are the neutrophils which component of the intrinsic aurohythmicity system of the heart functions to assure that the ventricles contract after the atria atrioventricular node which of the following is not part of the conduction system of the heart atrioventricular valve Heart sounds other than those caused by closing of valves are called murmurs the stroke volume for a normal resting heart beat is ______ ml/beat 70 normal resting cardiac output for an average adult is about 5 liters/min which is the best definition of blood pressure force per unit area exerted on the wall of a blood vessel which is the correct equation for the relationship between blood pressure (BP), cardiac output (CO) and peripheral resistance (PR) BP=COxPR aldosterone will: promote an increase in blood pressure Which will increase blood pressure? antidiuretic hormone blood pressure peaks each day (assuming awakening in the morning, and going to sleep at night) in the morning which metabolic control substance causes capillary dilation in a tissue nitric oxide which is a condition that may cause transient hypertension exercising the neurotransmitter initiating a muscle action potential is acetylcholine which of the following is likely during vigorous exercise capillaries of the active muscles will be engorged with blood in muscle contraction, calcium acts to change the shape of the troponin-tropomyosin complex muscle tone is a state of sustained partial contraction When stimuli bring about more and more fibers in a contracted state, this is called recruitment Oxygen is stored in myofibers on/in myoglobin The molecule binding calcium in smooth muscle cells is calmodulin the blood vessel type allowing exchange of respiratory gases, delivery of nutrients and removal of wastes to and from the tissues is the capillary you obtain a tube of blood from a patient.EDTA anticoagulant is in the tube, so the blood does not clot. The tube is centrifuged and you revoke the liquid from atop the cells. The liquid thus obtained is called plasma formed elements found in the blood that are about 7-8 Um in diameter with not nuclei are erythrocytes which father following might trigger erythropoiesis increased tissue demand for oxygen When erythrocytes are worn and tattered, the some of the hemoglobin molecule is recycled. Transferrin assists in this by the heme to the red bone marrow for incorporation into new red blood cells which of the following is NOT a complication of aplastic anemia hypertension which of the following is a precursor of a eosinophil myeloblast the normal neutrophil percentage of white blood cells is above 50% Fred's blood was determined to be AB positive. What does this mean there are not antibodies to A, B or Rh antigens in the plasma initiation fo a normal heart beat is the responsibility of the sinoatrial node norepinephrine acts on heart muscle cells by causing threshold to be reached more quickly the P wave of a normal electrocardiogram indicates atrial depolarization the tricuspid calve is closed when the right ventricle is in systole the Frank-Starling law of the heart states that the heart contracts less forcefully when it fills with more blood false angina pectoris is pain accompanying myocardial ischemia blood by-passing a capillary bed flows through its metarteriole factors that aid venous return include all except: urinary output Mechanisms that do not help regulate blood pressure include liver synthesis of albumin blood protein which provides a long-term control for blood pressure blood volume Which will decrease blood pressure? nitric oxide pulse is measured in arteries blood flow to the skin: increases when environmental temperature rises if lymphatic vessels are block, the in areas drained by the block vessels interstitial fluid hydrostatic pressure increases the Lub hear sound occurs with the _____ valves closing, while the Dub heart sound occurs as _____ valves close AV, SA which is the correct sequence of events in cardiac myocardium action potential Na+ inward flux, Ca++ inward flux, K+ outward flux voltage-gate _____ channels are associated with depolarization of cardia muscle, but voltage-gated _____ channels are associated with repolarization Na+, K+ which of the following surrounds a bundle of myofibers perimysium the first thing that stops a muscle contraction after a motor neuron stops releasing acetylcholine is acetylcholinesterase destroys the acetylcholine as it is removed from the membrane receptors when a muscle fiber is stimulated by acetylcholine _____ channels on the plasma membrane open Na+ the warm-up period required for athletes in order to bring their muscles to peak performance is called treppe in an isotonic contraction, the muscle changes in length and moves the "load" Glucose delivered to a recovering myofiber is used to reestablish glycogen stores smooth muscle is characterized by all of the following EXCEPT smooth muscle cannot contract when it is stretched the Buffy coat of centrifuged blood consists mainly of white blood cells and platelets the primary organ whose microphages are responsible for phagocytizing worn-out red blood cells are the spleen and liver a lack of intrinsic factor, leading to a deficiency of vitamin B12 and large pale red blood cells called macrocytes, is characteristic of: pernicious anemia which of the following is a precursor of a monocyte mono blast cardia ischemia can result in a myocardial infraction which component of the intrinsic audtorhythmicity system of the heart functions to assure that the ventricles contract after the atria AV node a heart beat is normally indicated when enough Ca++ enters the cells of the sinoatrail node to revers their resting potentials a drop in low blood pressure stimulates the cardiovascular center to increase blood pressure and heart rate via epinephrine on an EKG, depolarization of the ventricles is represented by the QRS complex during the period of ventricular filling blood flows from the atria and through the open atrioventricular valves. the normal cardiac output is about _____ L/min 5.2 acetylcholine decreases the heart rate which blood vessels play the most important role for local regulation of capillary blood pressure arterioles which of the following blood pressure readings would be indicative of hypertension 170/80 in a 50 y/o man which hormone reduces blood pressure? ANP (atrial natriuretic peptide) On an EKG, the __ wave represents atrial depolarization, while the ___ wave represents ventricular depolarization. P, QRS