Path 1000 Midterm 1
Define homeostasis and explain how it relates to pathophysiology - ✔️✔️Cells need to
communicate with each other to maintain a stable internal environment, to regulate their
growth and division to oversee their development and organization into tissues, and to
coordinate their functions.
The eight chief cellular functions - ✔️✔️1. Movement= skeletal, heart and involuntary
2. Secretion= i.e mucous membranes
3. Conduction= response to stimulus
4. Metabolic absorption= all cells take in nutrients
5. Communication= electrical and chemical
6. Respiration= all cells absorb 02 and release c02
7. Reproduction= tissue maintenance & growth (not all)
8. Excretion= all cells get rid of waste
Identify four ways in which cells may adapt to their environment - ✔️✔️Hyperplasia,
hypertrophy, atrophy, metaplasia
Define dysplasia and discuss its relationship to cancer - ✔️✔️Dysplasia= atypical
hyperplasia= not a true adaptation
Dysplasia, an abnormal change in size, shape or organization of mature cells, is
associated with neoplastic growth and are usually found in close proximity of cancerous
cells. It does not always progress to cancer.
Describe and explain the different types of progressive changes in cells (see Table 4-1)
- ✔️✔️
Summarize the common biochemical themes in cell injury and cell death (see Table 4-
2) - ✔️✔️
Etiology - ✔️✔️Exact cause of disease
Idiopathic - ✔️✔️When etiology is unknown
Iatrogenic - ✔️✔️Disease is a by product or medical diagnosis of treatment (ex.
Bladder infection after inserting catheter)
Define epidemiology - ✔️✔️Epidemiological studies measure the risk of illness or death
in an exposed population compared to that risk in an identical, unexposed population
Define homeostasis and explain how it relates to pathophysiology - ✔️✔️Cells need to
communicate with each other to maintain a stable internal environment, to regulate their
growth and division to oversee their development and organization into tissues, and to
coordinate their functions.
The eight chief cellular functions - ✔️✔️1. Movement= skeletal, heart and involuntary
2. Secretion= i.e mucous membranes
3. Conduction= response to stimulus
4. Metabolic absorption= all cells take in nutrients
5. Communication= electrical and chemical
6. Respiration= all cells absorb 02 and release c02
7. Reproduction= tissue maintenance & growth (not all)
8. Excretion= all cells get rid of waste
Identify four ways in which cells may adapt to their environment - ✔️✔️Hyperplasia,
hypertrophy, atrophy, metaplasia
Define dysplasia and discuss its relationship to cancer - ✔️✔️Dysplasia= atypical
hyperplasia= not a true adaptation
Dysplasia, an abnormal change in size, shape or organization of mature cells, is
associated with neoplastic growth and are usually found in close proximity of cancerous
cells. It does not always progress to cancer.
Describe and explain the different types of progressive changes in cells (see Table 4-1)
- ✔️✔️
Summarize the common biochemical themes in cell injury and cell death (see Table 4-
2) - ✔️✔️
Etiology - ✔️✔️Exact cause of disease
Idiopathic - ✔️✔️When etiology is unknown
Iatrogenic - ✔️✔️Disease is a by product or medical diagnosis of treatment (ex.
Bladder infection after inserting catheter)
Define epidemiology - ✔️✔️Epidemiological studies measure the risk of illness or death
in an exposed population compared to that risk in an identical, unexposed population
