BIO 431 HEART, CARDIOVASCULAR
SYSTEM, BLOOD UNIT 1 EXAM
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
The body contains three different types of capillaries: - Answer-Continuous,
Fenestrated, Sinusoid
In resting individuals, which blood vessels serve as a large blood reservoir from which
blood can be quickly diverted to other vessels as needed? - Answer-Veins and venules
Substances enter and leave capillaries by three basic mechanisms: - Answer-Diffusion,
Bulk flow, Transcytosis
Which is the most important method for capillary exchange? - Answer-Diffusion
What is the equation for calculating mean arterial pressure (MAP)? - Answer-MAP =
Diastolic BP + 1/3 (systolic BP - diastolic BP)
Besides the heart two other mechanisms "pump" blood from the lower body back to the
heart: - Answer-Skeletal muscle pump and Respiratory pump
Which hormone would not stimulate changes that lead to an increase in arterial blood
pressure? - Answer-Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)
The chemical histamine causes capillary walls to become more permeable. Excess
histamine secretion, as might be seen in allergic responses, might lead to: - Answer-
Edema
A blockage to one or both of the inferior phrenic veins will cause a backup of blood into
what structure? - Answer-Diaphragm
Nutrients from digested food enter the liver via the? - Answer-Hepatic portal circulation
How long do red blood cells live and why? - Answer-120 days due to wear and tear on
their plasma membranes as they squeeze through blood capillaries
Excess iron in the body can cause damage to which organs of the body (4)? - Answer-
Liver, Heart, Pancreatic islets, and Gonads
The main stimulus for erythropoiesis is? - Answer-Hypoxia
The granular leukocytes are: - Answer-Neutrophils, Eosinophils, and Basophils
, The agranular leukocytes are: - Answer-Lymphocytes and Monocytes
An increase in the number of white blood cells above normal range is called? - Answer-
Leukocytosis
An abnormally low number of white blood cells is called? - Answer-Leukopenia
The chemical attraction of WBC's to a disease or injury site is termed? - Answer-
Chemotaxis
Neutrophils and wandering or fixed macrophages (develop from monocytes) combat
inflammation and infection by what process? - Answer-Phagocytosis
These WBC's combat the effects of histamine in allergic reactions, phagocytize antigen-
antibody complexes, and combat parasitic worms. - Answer-Eosinophils
These WBC's develop into mast cells that liberate heparin, histamine, and serotonin in
allergic reactions that intensify inflammatory response. - Answer-Basophils
Arrange WBC's in order from highest to lowest concentrations in the blood: - Answer-
Neutrophils, Lymphocytes, Monocytes, Eosinophils, Basophils
Platelets have a lifespan of how long? - Answer-5-9 days
Aged and dead platelets and RBC's are removed by fixed macrophages in what two
organs? - Answer-Liver and spleen
The term hemostasis refers to what process? - Answer-Stoppage of bleeding
What are the three stages of hemostasis? - Answer-1. Platelet plug formation
2. Vascular spasm
3. Blood coagulation (clotting)
Clotting in an unbroken blood vessel is called? - Answer-Thrombosis
A disorder due to Rh incompatibility between mother and fetus is called? - Answer-
Hemolytic disease of the newborn
The condition in which the oxygen carrying capacity of the blood is reduced is called? -
Answer-Anemia
The study of the normal heart and diseases associated with it is known as? - Answer-
Cardiology
The pericardium consist of two layers: - Answer-Fibrous pericardium and serous
pericardium
SYSTEM, BLOOD UNIT 1 EXAM
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
The body contains three different types of capillaries: - Answer-Continuous,
Fenestrated, Sinusoid
In resting individuals, which blood vessels serve as a large blood reservoir from which
blood can be quickly diverted to other vessels as needed? - Answer-Veins and venules
Substances enter and leave capillaries by three basic mechanisms: - Answer-Diffusion,
Bulk flow, Transcytosis
Which is the most important method for capillary exchange? - Answer-Diffusion
What is the equation for calculating mean arterial pressure (MAP)? - Answer-MAP =
Diastolic BP + 1/3 (systolic BP - diastolic BP)
Besides the heart two other mechanisms "pump" blood from the lower body back to the
heart: - Answer-Skeletal muscle pump and Respiratory pump
Which hormone would not stimulate changes that lead to an increase in arterial blood
pressure? - Answer-Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)
The chemical histamine causes capillary walls to become more permeable. Excess
histamine secretion, as might be seen in allergic responses, might lead to: - Answer-
Edema
A blockage to one or both of the inferior phrenic veins will cause a backup of blood into
what structure? - Answer-Diaphragm
Nutrients from digested food enter the liver via the? - Answer-Hepatic portal circulation
How long do red blood cells live and why? - Answer-120 days due to wear and tear on
their plasma membranes as they squeeze through blood capillaries
Excess iron in the body can cause damage to which organs of the body (4)? - Answer-
Liver, Heart, Pancreatic islets, and Gonads
The main stimulus for erythropoiesis is? - Answer-Hypoxia
The granular leukocytes are: - Answer-Neutrophils, Eosinophils, and Basophils
, The agranular leukocytes are: - Answer-Lymphocytes and Monocytes
An increase in the number of white blood cells above normal range is called? - Answer-
Leukocytosis
An abnormally low number of white blood cells is called? - Answer-Leukopenia
The chemical attraction of WBC's to a disease or injury site is termed? - Answer-
Chemotaxis
Neutrophils and wandering or fixed macrophages (develop from monocytes) combat
inflammation and infection by what process? - Answer-Phagocytosis
These WBC's combat the effects of histamine in allergic reactions, phagocytize antigen-
antibody complexes, and combat parasitic worms. - Answer-Eosinophils
These WBC's develop into mast cells that liberate heparin, histamine, and serotonin in
allergic reactions that intensify inflammatory response. - Answer-Basophils
Arrange WBC's in order from highest to lowest concentrations in the blood: - Answer-
Neutrophils, Lymphocytes, Monocytes, Eosinophils, Basophils
Platelets have a lifespan of how long? - Answer-5-9 days
Aged and dead platelets and RBC's are removed by fixed macrophages in what two
organs? - Answer-Liver and spleen
The term hemostasis refers to what process? - Answer-Stoppage of bleeding
What are the three stages of hemostasis? - Answer-1. Platelet plug formation
2. Vascular spasm
3. Blood coagulation (clotting)
Clotting in an unbroken blood vessel is called? - Answer-Thrombosis
A disorder due to Rh incompatibility between mother and fetus is called? - Answer-
Hemolytic disease of the newborn
The condition in which the oxygen carrying capacity of the blood is reduced is called? -
Answer-Anemia
The study of the normal heart and diseases associated with it is known as? - Answer-
Cardiology
The pericardium consist of two layers: - Answer-Fibrous pericardium and serous
pericardium
