NR 283 Final Exam
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1. What do these cause?
Nephrotoxins
Ischemia
Pyelonephritis
Hypo perfusion
Hypotension
Severe circulatory shock
Heart Failure
Mechanical obstructions: Pre renal AKI
2. Calculi, blood clots and tumors are mechanical obstructions that block
urine flow beyond the kidneys cause what?: Acute renal failure
3. Drugs, chemicals and toxins that cause tubule necrosis and obstruction of
blood flow is termed as?: Nephrotoxins
4. What are these clinical manifestations for?
Polyurea
Lethargy
Oliguria
Uremia
Fluids, electrolytes and wastes are retained in the body
Anuria: Chronic Kidney Disease
5. What is the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) for CKD stage 5/ end stage renal
disease?: 15 ml/min or less
6. What is a normal reading of a specific gravity in urine for someone who is
hydrated?: 1.30
7. If a patient came in dehydrated, what would you expect their specific gravity
to be in their urine?: 1.035 or higher
8. What hormone is produced by the renal system when there is high hyper-
tension?: Renin-blocking drugs (beta-adrenergic blocking drugs)
9. When a patient has a bladder tumor, they are most likely to have what kind
of acute renal injury?: Post renal, this can be caused by a mechanical obstruction
10. Patients with obstruction of the renal artery causing renal ischemia exhibit
hypertension. What is one factor that may contribute to hypertension?: In-
creased renin release
11. People who have to have dialysis have a lack of _______.: Erythropoiten
12. Why do patients receive erythropoietin during dialysis?: Increase hemoglo-
bin levels in patients with ESRD and anemia
13. During an assessment with a patient with renal insufficiency, the nurse
asks specifically about a history of what?: Hypertension
, NR 283 Final Exam
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_b2plmk
14. These are causes of what?
H. pylori
An inadequate blood supply
Vasoconstriction caused by stress, smoking, or shock
Excessive glucocorticoid secretion or medication
Ulcerogenic substances that break down the mucus layer (aspirin, NSAIDs,
alcohol)
Increased acid-pepsin secretions
Atrophy of the gastric mucosa: Peptic ulcer disease
15. What kind of ulcerogenic substances break down the mucus layer that can
cause peptic ulcer disease?: Asprin, NSAIDs, alcohol
16. What are the four types of abdominal ulcers?: Gastric, duodenal, stress,
esophageal
17. A patient is in the hospital for experiencing pain about an hour after eating
a meal and is throwing up; they have also been experiencing weight loss and
their HCL lab value was low. What kind of ulcer is this patient experiencing?-
: Gastric ulcer
18. A patient arrived at the emergency room in the late evening for uncon-
trolled pain. They told their nurse that they ate earlier in the afternoon but
snacking has helped soothe the pain. What kind of ulcer is this patient expe-
riencing?: Duodenal ulcer
19. What is the most lethal complication of a perforated ulcer?: Bleeding that
can cause a massive hemorrhage
20. Surgeries such as partial gastrectomy or pyloroplasty may be required in
patients that are suffering from?: Perforated/bleeding ulcers
21. Where do perforated ulcers mostly occur?: In the duodenum
22. A patient has experienced trauma by burns (curling) and head (cushing)
injuries, the patient had a sudden hemorrhage and was given prophylactic
medications. What kind of ulcer is this patient experiencing?: Stress ulcer
23. Sea scopes detect what type of 4 diseases?: Chrohns
Duodenal/ Colorectal cancer
Ulcerative colitis
Rectal cancer
24. Diarrhea with cramping abdominal pain, soft stool, black tar stool if it
erupts blood vessels, pain/tenderness in RLQ, anorexia, weight loss, anemia,
and fatigue are clinical manifestations of?: Crohn's disease
25. Where does inflammation occur and what does it develop in a person with
Crohn's disease?: In the mucosal layer, develops shallow ulcers that combine to
form fissures
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_b2plmk
1. What do these cause?
Nephrotoxins
Ischemia
Pyelonephritis
Hypo perfusion
Hypotension
Severe circulatory shock
Heart Failure
Mechanical obstructions: Pre renal AKI
2. Calculi, blood clots and tumors are mechanical obstructions that block
urine flow beyond the kidneys cause what?: Acute renal failure
3. Drugs, chemicals and toxins that cause tubule necrosis and obstruction of
blood flow is termed as?: Nephrotoxins
4. What are these clinical manifestations for?
Polyurea
Lethargy
Oliguria
Uremia
Fluids, electrolytes and wastes are retained in the body
Anuria: Chronic Kidney Disease
5. What is the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) for CKD stage 5/ end stage renal
disease?: 15 ml/min or less
6. What is a normal reading of a specific gravity in urine for someone who is
hydrated?: 1.30
7. If a patient came in dehydrated, what would you expect their specific gravity
to be in their urine?: 1.035 or higher
8. What hormone is produced by the renal system when there is high hyper-
tension?: Renin-blocking drugs (beta-adrenergic blocking drugs)
9. When a patient has a bladder tumor, they are most likely to have what kind
of acute renal injury?: Post renal, this can be caused by a mechanical obstruction
10. Patients with obstruction of the renal artery causing renal ischemia exhibit
hypertension. What is one factor that may contribute to hypertension?: In-
creased renin release
11. People who have to have dialysis have a lack of _______.: Erythropoiten
12. Why do patients receive erythropoietin during dialysis?: Increase hemoglo-
bin levels in patients with ESRD and anemia
13. During an assessment with a patient with renal insufficiency, the nurse
asks specifically about a history of what?: Hypertension
, NR 283 Final Exam
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_b2plmk
14. These are causes of what?
H. pylori
An inadequate blood supply
Vasoconstriction caused by stress, smoking, or shock
Excessive glucocorticoid secretion or medication
Ulcerogenic substances that break down the mucus layer (aspirin, NSAIDs,
alcohol)
Increased acid-pepsin secretions
Atrophy of the gastric mucosa: Peptic ulcer disease
15. What kind of ulcerogenic substances break down the mucus layer that can
cause peptic ulcer disease?: Asprin, NSAIDs, alcohol
16. What are the four types of abdominal ulcers?: Gastric, duodenal, stress,
esophageal
17. A patient is in the hospital for experiencing pain about an hour after eating
a meal and is throwing up; they have also been experiencing weight loss and
their HCL lab value was low. What kind of ulcer is this patient experiencing?-
: Gastric ulcer
18. A patient arrived at the emergency room in the late evening for uncon-
trolled pain. They told their nurse that they ate earlier in the afternoon but
snacking has helped soothe the pain. What kind of ulcer is this patient expe-
riencing?: Duodenal ulcer
19. What is the most lethal complication of a perforated ulcer?: Bleeding that
can cause a massive hemorrhage
20. Surgeries such as partial gastrectomy or pyloroplasty may be required in
patients that are suffering from?: Perforated/bleeding ulcers
21. Where do perforated ulcers mostly occur?: In the duodenum
22. A patient has experienced trauma by burns (curling) and head (cushing)
injuries, the patient had a sudden hemorrhage and was given prophylactic
medications. What kind of ulcer is this patient experiencing?: Stress ulcer
23. Sea scopes detect what type of 4 diseases?: Chrohns
Duodenal/ Colorectal cancer
Ulcerative colitis
Rectal cancer
24. Diarrhea with cramping abdominal pain, soft stool, black tar stool if it
erupts blood vessels, pain/tenderness in RLQ, anorexia, weight loss, anemia,
and fatigue are clinical manifestations of?: Crohn's disease
25. Where does inflammation occur and what does it develop in a person with
Crohn's disease?: In the mucosal layer, develops shallow ulcers that combine to
form fissures
