ATI CBC 3 Review Questions With All
Correct Answers
Cancer treatment is based on: - Answer-the cell of origin of the cancer
/.Cancer treatment options focus on: - Answer-removing or destroying cancer cells and
preventing the continued abnormal cell growth and differentiation
/.Cancer treatment can be: - Answer-curative or palliative
/.Client factors that guide cancer treatment plan - Answer-age, childbearing desire,
pregnancy, current state of health, expected lifespan
/.Adjuvant treatment - Answer-What is given in addition to the primary treatment
standard
/.Adjuvant treatment can include - Answer-Hormone, radiation, and targeted therapies
Immunotherapy
Chemotherapy
/.Nursing care for clients who have cancer should include: - Answer-Collaboration with
supportive therapies and services
Counseling
Transfer of care to another provider at discharge
/.Cancer treatment includes: - Answer-Manipulation or removal of the tumor
/.Tumor reduction - Answer-Can be done through topical procedures (cryosurgery, laser
therapy, abiation) or by destruction of the main arteries that provide blood flow to the
tumor (artery embolization)
/.Tumor excision - Answer-Can be open or endoscopic (curettage and electrodissection
for skin cancer)
/.How is tumor excision performed? - Answer-The tumor and tissue immediately
surrounding it (tumor margin) are removed. The goal is that all of the outermost tissue
that was removed does not contain cancer cells ( a negative margin).
Surgery can be done for excision, biopsy (diagnosis and staging), or relief (palliation)
based on findings.
Lymph node dissection or sentinel lymph node biopsy is done to determine if the cancer
has spread or there is added risk of spread.
,More extensive surgeries (tumors involving multiple organs or structures, lymph node
involvement, deep lesions) increase the risk of complications and typically require
longer recovery periods. Intensive care can be required.
/.Nursing actions for tumor excision - Answer-Obtain a signed informed consent form
Prepare the client for procedures (NPO status, withholding or administering medications
as prescribed, monitoring laboratory findings).
Provide postoperative care as indicated by tumor location and procedure type.
Prevent general postoperative complications (infection, fluid or electrolyte imbalance,
hemorrhage, thromboembolism, inadequate oxygenation, shock).
Prevent and treat pain as prescribed using pharmacological and nonpharmacological
measures.
Educate the client on care for drains, wounds, and implanted devices.
Teach the client to monitor for complications after discharge.
/.Chemotherapy - Answer-Involves administration of systemic or local cytotoxic
medications that damage a cell's DNA or destroy rapidly dividing cells.
/.How are chemotherapeutic agents selected? - Answer-In relation to their effect on
various stages of cell division
Combinations of anticancer medications are used to enhance destruction of cancer cells
/.Adverse effects of cytotoxic chemotherapy drugs - Answer-Related to the unintentional
harm done to normal rapidly proliferating cells, such as those found in the mucous
membranes of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, hair follicles, and bone marrow.
/.Why might agents that protect healthy cells be given before or with chemotherapy? -
Answer-To decrease the effect on normal tissues
/.Where can chemotherapy be administered? - Answer-Health care setting, provider's
office, clinic, or home
/.How are most chemotherapy medications absorbed? - Answer-Through the skin and
mucous membranes
/.What must people preparing, giving, or disposing of chemo medications wear? -
Answer-Proper personal protective equipment
/.Route for chemotherapy medications - Answer-Depending on the agent, it can be
given by the topical (for skin lesions), oral, parenteral, IV, intra-arterial, intraventricular
(into the ventricles of the brain), intracavitary (which includes intraperitoneal (into the
abdominal cavity)), intravesicular (into the bladder), and intrapleural (into the pleural
space); or intrathecal (into the spinal cavity) route. Specialized training/certification is
necessary for the administration of some agents.
, /.How should oral chemo medications be handled? - Answer-They are just as toxic to
the client taking the medication and the nurse handling the medication as are standard
chemo medications
They should not be crushed, split, broken, or chewed.
/.What is a central catheter used in cancer patients? - Answer-For chemotherapy
administration or laboratory blood testing
/.Why is a central catheter used in cancer patients? - Answer-Some medications can
cause serious damage to the skin and muscle tissue if they leak outside a vein
(vesicants). Getting these through a central venous catheter instead of a short-term IV
reduces the risk that the medication will leak and damage tissues.
Many different types can be used.
/.Common types of central catheters used in cancer patients - Answer-Peripherally
inserted central catheter
Implanted port
/.Implanted port - Answer-Used when therapy is intended to be given on a long-term
basis
Comprised of a small reservoir that is covered by a thick septum
/.Categories of chemo medications - Answer-Alkylating agents, antimetabolites, anti
mitotic agents, antitumor antibiotics, Topoisomerase inhibitors, and other miscellaneous
medications
/.How are medication categories chosen for cancer? - Answer-Based on the sensitivity
of cancer cells to the medications and the stage of the cancer
/.Nursing considerations for chemotherapy - Answer-Instruct the client/family in the
proper use of vascular access devices
Extravasation of agents that are vesicants requires specific, immediate attention to
minimize tissue damage. Selection of a neutralizing solution is dependent on vesicant.
Closely monitor the infusion site for evidence of infiltration.
/.Intracavitary chemotherapy - Answer-Involves the administration of chemotherapy
directly into a body cavity (abdomen, pleural space, or bladder)
A small catheter can be used
Local irritation can be increased, but systemic adverse effects are usually prevented.
In some cases, the medication can be removed following a dwell time
/.Nursing considerations for intracavity chemotherapy - Answer-Inform client that some
discomfort can e present during infusion
Instruct the client to monitor for evidence of infection at the site of administration
Correct Answers
Cancer treatment is based on: - Answer-the cell of origin of the cancer
/.Cancer treatment options focus on: - Answer-removing or destroying cancer cells and
preventing the continued abnormal cell growth and differentiation
/.Cancer treatment can be: - Answer-curative or palliative
/.Client factors that guide cancer treatment plan - Answer-age, childbearing desire,
pregnancy, current state of health, expected lifespan
/.Adjuvant treatment - Answer-What is given in addition to the primary treatment
standard
/.Adjuvant treatment can include - Answer-Hormone, radiation, and targeted therapies
Immunotherapy
Chemotherapy
/.Nursing care for clients who have cancer should include: - Answer-Collaboration with
supportive therapies and services
Counseling
Transfer of care to another provider at discharge
/.Cancer treatment includes: - Answer-Manipulation or removal of the tumor
/.Tumor reduction - Answer-Can be done through topical procedures (cryosurgery, laser
therapy, abiation) or by destruction of the main arteries that provide blood flow to the
tumor (artery embolization)
/.Tumor excision - Answer-Can be open or endoscopic (curettage and electrodissection
for skin cancer)
/.How is tumor excision performed? - Answer-The tumor and tissue immediately
surrounding it (tumor margin) are removed. The goal is that all of the outermost tissue
that was removed does not contain cancer cells ( a negative margin).
Surgery can be done for excision, biopsy (diagnosis and staging), or relief (palliation)
based on findings.
Lymph node dissection or sentinel lymph node biopsy is done to determine if the cancer
has spread or there is added risk of spread.
,More extensive surgeries (tumors involving multiple organs or structures, lymph node
involvement, deep lesions) increase the risk of complications and typically require
longer recovery periods. Intensive care can be required.
/.Nursing actions for tumor excision - Answer-Obtain a signed informed consent form
Prepare the client for procedures (NPO status, withholding or administering medications
as prescribed, monitoring laboratory findings).
Provide postoperative care as indicated by tumor location and procedure type.
Prevent general postoperative complications (infection, fluid or electrolyte imbalance,
hemorrhage, thromboembolism, inadequate oxygenation, shock).
Prevent and treat pain as prescribed using pharmacological and nonpharmacological
measures.
Educate the client on care for drains, wounds, and implanted devices.
Teach the client to monitor for complications after discharge.
/.Chemotherapy - Answer-Involves administration of systemic or local cytotoxic
medications that damage a cell's DNA or destroy rapidly dividing cells.
/.How are chemotherapeutic agents selected? - Answer-In relation to their effect on
various stages of cell division
Combinations of anticancer medications are used to enhance destruction of cancer cells
/.Adverse effects of cytotoxic chemotherapy drugs - Answer-Related to the unintentional
harm done to normal rapidly proliferating cells, such as those found in the mucous
membranes of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, hair follicles, and bone marrow.
/.Why might agents that protect healthy cells be given before or with chemotherapy? -
Answer-To decrease the effect on normal tissues
/.Where can chemotherapy be administered? - Answer-Health care setting, provider's
office, clinic, or home
/.How are most chemotherapy medications absorbed? - Answer-Through the skin and
mucous membranes
/.What must people preparing, giving, or disposing of chemo medications wear? -
Answer-Proper personal protective equipment
/.Route for chemotherapy medications - Answer-Depending on the agent, it can be
given by the topical (for skin lesions), oral, parenteral, IV, intra-arterial, intraventricular
(into the ventricles of the brain), intracavitary (which includes intraperitoneal (into the
abdominal cavity)), intravesicular (into the bladder), and intrapleural (into the pleural
space); or intrathecal (into the spinal cavity) route. Specialized training/certification is
necessary for the administration of some agents.
, /.How should oral chemo medications be handled? - Answer-They are just as toxic to
the client taking the medication and the nurse handling the medication as are standard
chemo medications
They should not be crushed, split, broken, or chewed.
/.What is a central catheter used in cancer patients? - Answer-For chemotherapy
administration or laboratory blood testing
/.Why is a central catheter used in cancer patients? - Answer-Some medications can
cause serious damage to the skin and muscle tissue if they leak outside a vein
(vesicants). Getting these through a central venous catheter instead of a short-term IV
reduces the risk that the medication will leak and damage tissues.
Many different types can be used.
/.Common types of central catheters used in cancer patients - Answer-Peripherally
inserted central catheter
Implanted port
/.Implanted port - Answer-Used when therapy is intended to be given on a long-term
basis
Comprised of a small reservoir that is covered by a thick septum
/.Categories of chemo medications - Answer-Alkylating agents, antimetabolites, anti
mitotic agents, antitumor antibiotics, Topoisomerase inhibitors, and other miscellaneous
medications
/.How are medication categories chosen for cancer? - Answer-Based on the sensitivity
of cancer cells to the medications and the stage of the cancer
/.Nursing considerations for chemotherapy - Answer-Instruct the client/family in the
proper use of vascular access devices
Extravasation of agents that are vesicants requires specific, immediate attention to
minimize tissue damage. Selection of a neutralizing solution is dependent on vesicant.
Closely monitor the infusion site for evidence of infiltration.
/.Intracavitary chemotherapy - Answer-Involves the administration of chemotherapy
directly into a body cavity (abdomen, pleural space, or bladder)
A small catheter can be used
Local irritation can be increased, but systemic adverse effects are usually prevented.
In some cases, the medication can be removed following a dwell time
/.Nursing considerations for intracavity chemotherapy - Answer-Inform client that some
discomfort can e present during infusion
Instruct the client to monitor for evidence of infection at the site of administration
