NSG 210 PERFUSION FULL PRACTICE
TEST WITH ALL COMPLETE SOLUTIONS
What are the adverse effects of Niacin? - Answer-GI discomfort
Flushing*
Pruritus
How can you prevent flushing in Niacin? - Answer-Take aspirin 30 minutes before
administration
What is an example of a Fibric Acid Derivatives (Fibrates)? - Answer-Gemfibrozil
How do Fibrates work? - Answer-They breakdown cholesterol by activating the enzyme
lipoprotein lipase
They also change coagulation by decreasing platelet adhesiveness!
What are contraindications of Fibrates? - Answer-Warfarin use ( ^ pt)
Known allergy
Kidney disease
Liver disease
Cirrhosis
Gallbladder disease
What are adverse effects of Fibrates? - Answer-GI discomfort
Prolonged Prothrombin time
Elevated liver enzymes
What are nursing interventions for antilipemics? - Answer-Report muscle soreness,
changes in urine color, fever, malaise, nausea, or vomiting
Limit grapefruit juice
ALL medications must be taken one hour before or 4-6 hours after
Decreases absorption of vitamines ADEK
Increase action of oral anticoagulants
Increased risk of rhado when used in combo with statins
Can alter Hgb, Hct, WBC
Limit ETOH
Increase fiber and fluids
What are the components that affect heart failure? - Answer-Cardiac output: preload &
afterload
, Contractility
Ejection fraction
What is the difference between cardiac output and ejection fraction? - Answer-Cardiac
output is the amount of blood that is stroked out per minute while the ejection fraction is
the amount of blood pumped out each contraction
What is heart failure? - Answer-A progressive disease that affects the ability of the heart
to pump blood. It cannot supply enough blood and oxygen and is usually caused by
injury.
What are some causes of heart failure? - Answer-Faulty valves, arrhythmias, infarct,
lineage, uncontrolled HTN, ETOH use, illicit drug use, invaders (virus/infection)
What is left sided heart failure? - Answer-The left ventricle is too weak leading to the
back up of blood that eventually leads to the lungs. This increases pulmonary pressure
and results in pulmonary congestion and pulmonary edema.
What are causes of left sided heart failure? - Answer-HTN
CAD
Valvular disease
What are the two types of left sided heart failure? - Answer-Systolic heart failure
Diastolic heart failure
What is happening during systolic heart failure? - Answer-The heart cannot squeeze
efficiently, which means blood cannot be ejected out of the ventricle. Weakened heart
muscles cannot squeeze. Patient will have low ejection fraction (normal is >50%)
What is happening during diastolic heart failure? - Answer-The ventricle is too stiff and
does not fill efficiently. The ejection fraction is normal.
What are signs and symptoms of left sided heart failure? - Answer-Pulmonary edema
(rales/crackles at bases)
Cough
Shortness of breath
Dyspnea (nocturnal)
Weakness
Fatigue
Oliguria
Orthopnea
Increase in HR
Weight gain
What is right sided heart failure? - Answer-The right ventricle cannot empty properly
leading to blood backing up leading to the body.
TEST WITH ALL COMPLETE SOLUTIONS
What are the adverse effects of Niacin? - Answer-GI discomfort
Flushing*
Pruritus
How can you prevent flushing in Niacin? - Answer-Take aspirin 30 minutes before
administration
What is an example of a Fibric Acid Derivatives (Fibrates)? - Answer-Gemfibrozil
How do Fibrates work? - Answer-They breakdown cholesterol by activating the enzyme
lipoprotein lipase
They also change coagulation by decreasing platelet adhesiveness!
What are contraindications of Fibrates? - Answer-Warfarin use ( ^ pt)
Known allergy
Kidney disease
Liver disease
Cirrhosis
Gallbladder disease
What are adverse effects of Fibrates? - Answer-GI discomfort
Prolonged Prothrombin time
Elevated liver enzymes
What are nursing interventions for antilipemics? - Answer-Report muscle soreness,
changes in urine color, fever, malaise, nausea, or vomiting
Limit grapefruit juice
ALL medications must be taken one hour before or 4-6 hours after
Decreases absorption of vitamines ADEK
Increase action of oral anticoagulants
Increased risk of rhado when used in combo with statins
Can alter Hgb, Hct, WBC
Limit ETOH
Increase fiber and fluids
What are the components that affect heart failure? - Answer-Cardiac output: preload &
afterload
, Contractility
Ejection fraction
What is the difference between cardiac output and ejection fraction? - Answer-Cardiac
output is the amount of blood that is stroked out per minute while the ejection fraction is
the amount of blood pumped out each contraction
What is heart failure? - Answer-A progressive disease that affects the ability of the heart
to pump blood. It cannot supply enough blood and oxygen and is usually caused by
injury.
What are some causes of heart failure? - Answer-Faulty valves, arrhythmias, infarct,
lineage, uncontrolled HTN, ETOH use, illicit drug use, invaders (virus/infection)
What is left sided heart failure? - Answer-The left ventricle is too weak leading to the
back up of blood that eventually leads to the lungs. This increases pulmonary pressure
and results in pulmonary congestion and pulmonary edema.
What are causes of left sided heart failure? - Answer-HTN
CAD
Valvular disease
What are the two types of left sided heart failure? - Answer-Systolic heart failure
Diastolic heart failure
What is happening during systolic heart failure? - Answer-The heart cannot squeeze
efficiently, which means blood cannot be ejected out of the ventricle. Weakened heart
muscles cannot squeeze. Patient will have low ejection fraction (normal is >50%)
What is happening during diastolic heart failure? - Answer-The ventricle is too stiff and
does not fill efficiently. The ejection fraction is normal.
What are signs and symptoms of left sided heart failure? - Answer-Pulmonary edema
(rales/crackles at bases)
Cough
Shortness of breath
Dyspnea (nocturnal)
Weakness
Fatigue
Oliguria
Orthopnea
Increase in HR
Weight gain
What is right sided heart failure? - Answer-The right ventricle cannot empty properly
leading to blood backing up leading to the body.
