Volume 4; Units 1-3
Name the most important part of the vehicle's frame - ANS-Side members or side rails.
Where can you find the most stress on her vehicle's frame? - ANS-Center.
What do you call the side member extensions used to support front and rear bumpers on most
vehicles? - ANS-Frame horns.
How are the crossmembers attached to the side members on a vehicle frame? - ANS-Riveted or
welded.
Why are frames narrower at the front? - ANS-To allow clearance for the front wheels during
sharper turns.
What are some causes of frame misalignment? - ANS-When a vehicle is used for the wrong
purpose (overloading, running over curbs or parking area concrete stops, and repeatedly
operating on very rough terrain-unpaved roads or no roads) or is involved in an accident.
Briefly describe unitized body - ANS-Manufacturing process where sheet metal body parts are
combined with stress-bearing elements to form the body and chassis as a single piece, as
opposed to attaching body parts to a frame.
What is the advantage of a unitized body type construction for a passenger car? - ANS-Lighter
weight.
What kind of misalignment is caused by an impact to the left side of the vehicle? - ANS-Sway
What kind of misalignment is caused by a parallel impact to the front? - ANS-Diamond
What kind of misalignment is caused by overloading the vehicles frame? - ANS-Sag
What kind of misalignment is caused by an impact to the right side of the vehicle? - ANS-Sway
What kind of misalignment is caused by a parallel impact to the rear? - ANS-Diamond
What are some conditions you should look for during your preliminary inspection of a frame? -
ANS-Kinks, bends, rips or tears on the side members; loose rivets, bolts, and body support
brackets; cracks in the welded connections.
If special equipment is not available, what alternate method can you use the check frame
alignment? - ANS-The plumb bob method.
,What is the purpose of transferring the measurements to the floor? - ANS-Facilitate making
measurements with greater ease and more accuracy.
What is the maximum allowable difference at intersecting points? - ANS-Measurements should
not vary more than 1/8 inch at any point.
Why are crowns used in vehicle bodies? - ANS-They help enhance the beauty and style of the
automobile, while adding considerable strength and rigidity.
List the four basic crowns - ANS-Low-crown, high-crown, combined high- and low-crown,
reverse crown.
What were the low crown do if you press and release it by hand? - ANS-Usually springs back to
its original shape.
Does a high crown surface band easily when you apply hand pressure? - ANS-No, high-crowns
offer additional strength for resisting force.
Which reinforcements are used in door panels and floor pans, and serve as structural
members? - ANS-(1) Formed reinforcements include flanges, grooves, ridges on the inside of
the door panels and on floor pans. (2) Welded-on reinforcements are normally box sections or
channels and occur as crossbars on the underside of the floor pan, roof rails under the hood or
deck lid, and in many other places.
In which body section can the firewall be found? - ANS-Front section.
Which center section component provides main structural support for the passenger
compartment? - ANS-Floor pan.
What is another term used for deck lid? - ANS-Trunk lid.
What three types of hammers do use in body repair? - ANS-(1) Bumping. (2) Dinging. (3) Pick.
Which hammer spreads the force of impact over a large area? - ANS-Bumping.
Which hammer do you use to prevent overstretching a metal surface? - ANS-Dinging.
What is the purpose of pick hammers? - ANS-To pick out small dents in panels and other
hard-to-get-at places where you cannot use a dolly block.
Should a dolly block way more or less than a hammer you are using? - ANS-More.
, How do you hold the bumping hammer when using a dolly block? - ANS-Lightly, letting your grip
slacken as the hammer descends.
What method do you use to increase the size of an area if you place the dolly block directly
under the point where the hammer will strike? - ANS-Hammer-on-dolly method.
Which method specifies that you placed a dolly block close to but away from the area where the
hammer will strike? - ANS-Hammer-off-dolly method.
Describe the construction features of a spoon - ANS-It is a bar of steel that is forged flatter at
one end than the other or flatter at both ends than the middle. Spoons are bent into a variety of
shapes depending upon their use.
How is the bumping spoon best used? - ANS-Straightening long, relatively smooth buckles
where the distortion is comparatively light and spread out over a large area.
What spoon do you use for straightening buckles and low crown areas? - ANS-High-crowned
bumping spoon.
What three auto body tools may be replaced by a body spoon? - ANS-(1) Dolly block. (2) Driving
tool. (3) Pry tool.
When can you use the basic caulking iron? - ANS-When straightening and reshaping
short-radius bends on narrow, flat surfaces.
What is considered a displaced area? - ANS-A displaced area is part of the damage only
because it pushes out of position.
What is considered an upset? - ANS-An upset occurs when opposing forces apply pressure to
an area of metal and cause it to yield. As the surface area reduces, the thickness increases
proportionally.
What is considered a stretch? - ANS-A stretched area is the exact opposite of an upset area.
Tension, instead of pressure, causes stretching. This results in an increase in surface area.
What is a simple bend? - ANS-A simple bend is an area of metal that serves as a pivot for
movement without breaking.
What is considered a buckle? - ANS-A buckle is the result of a severe bend where the metal
buckles or kinks up at the pivot point.
What must you do before starting to remove any distortions a body panel has received in a
collision? - ANS-Determine the direction the damaging force came from and the point at which
contact was made.
Name the most important part of the vehicle's frame - ANS-Side members or side rails.
Where can you find the most stress on her vehicle's frame? - ANS-Center.
What do you call the side member extensions used to support front and rear bumpers on most
vehicles? - ANS-Frame horns.
How are the crossmembers attached to the side members on a vehicle frame? - ANS-Riveted or
welded.
Why are frames narrower at the front? - ANS-To allow clearance for the front wheels during
sharper turns.
What are some causes of frame misalignment? - ANS-When a vehicle is used for the wrong
purpose (overloading, running over curbs or parking area concrete stops, and repeatedly
operating on very rough terrain-unpaved roads or no roads) or is involved in an accident.
Briefly describe unitized body - ANS-Manufacturing process where sheet metal body parts are
combined with stress-bearing elements to form the body and chassis as a single piece, as
opposed to attaching body parts to a frame.
What is the advantage of a unitized body type construction for a passenger car? - ANS-Lighter
weight.
What kind of misalignment is caused by an impact to the left side of the vehicle? - ANS-Sway
What kind of misalignment is caused by a parallel impact to the front? - ANS-Diamond
What kind of misalignment is caused by overloading the vehicles frame? - ANS-Sag
What kind of misalignment is caused by an impact to the right side of the vehicle? - ANS-Sway
What kind of misalignment is caused by a parallel impact to the rear? - ANS-Diamond
What are some conditions you should look for during your preliminary inspection of a frame? -
ANS-Kinks, bends, rips or tears on the side members; loose rivets, bolts, and body support
brackets; cracks in the welded connections.
If special equipment is not available, what alternate method can you use the check frame
alignment? - ANS-The plumb bob method.
,What is the purpose of transferring the measurements to the floor? - ANS-Facilitate making
measurements with greater ease and more accuracy.
What is the maximum allowable difference at intersecting points? - ANS-Measurements should
not vary more than 1/8 inch at any point.
Why are crowns used in vehicle bodies? - ANS-They help enhance the beauty and style of the
automobile, while adding considerable strength and rigidity.
List the four basic crowns - ANS-Low-crown, high-crown, combined high- and low-crown,
reverse crown.
What were the low crown do if you press and release it by hand? - ANS-Usually springs back to
its original shape.
Does a high crown surface band easily when you apply hand pressure? - ANS-No, high-crowns
offer additional strength for resisting force.
Which reinforcements are used in door panels and floor pans, and serve as structural
members? - ANS-(1) Formed reinforcements include flanges, grooves, ridges on the inside of
the door panels and on floor pans. (2) Welded-on reinforcements are normally box sections or
channels and occur as crossbars on the underside of the floor pan, roof rails under the hood or
deck lid, and in many other places.
In which body section can the firewall be found? - ANS-Front section.
Which center section component provides main structural support for the passenger
compartment? - ANS-Floor pan.
What is another term used for deck lid? - ANS-Trunk lid.
What three types of hammers do use in body repair? - ANS-(1) Bumping. (2) Dinging. (3) Pick.
Which hammer spreads the force of impact over a large area? - ANS-Bumping.
Which hammer do you use to prevent overstretching a metal surface? - ANS-Dinging.
What is the purpose of pick hammers? - ANS-To pick out small dents in panels and other
hard-to-get-at places where you cannot use a dolly block.
Should a dolly block way more or less than a hammer you are using? - ANS-More.
, How do you hold the bumping hammer when using a dolly block? - ANS-Lightly, letting your grip
slacken as the hammer descends.
What method do you use to increase the size of an area if you place the dolly block directly
under the point where the hammer will strike? - ANS-Hammer-on-dolly method.
Which method specifies that you placed a dolly block close to but away from the area where the
hammer will strike? - ANS-Hammer-off-dolly method.
Describe the construction features of a spoon - ANS-It is a bar of steel that is forged flatter at
one end than the other or flatter at both ends than the middle. Spoons are bent into a variety of
shapes depending upon their use.
How is the bumping spoon best used? - ANS-Straightening long, relatively smooth buckles
where the distortion is comparatively light and spread out over a large area.
What spoon do you use for straightening buckles and low crown areas? - ANS-High-crowned
bumping spoon.
What three auto body tools may be replaced by a body spoon? - ANS-(1) Dolly block. (2) Driving
tool. (3) Pry tool.
When can you use the basic caulking iron? - ANS-When straightening and reshaping
short-radius bends on narrow, flat surfaces.
What is considered a displaced area? - ANS-A displaced area is part of the damage only
because it pushes out of position.
What is considered an upset? - ANS-An upset occurs when opposing forces apply pressure to
an area of metal and cause it to yield. As the surface area reduces, the thickness increases
proportionally.
What is considered a stretch? - ANS-A stretched area is the exact opposite of an upset area.
Tension, instead of pressure, causes stretching. This results in an increase in surface area.
What is a simple bend? - ANS-A simple bend is an area of metal that serves as a pivot for
movement without breaking.
What is considered a buckle? - ANS-A buckle is the result of a severe bend where the metal
buckles or kinks up at the pivot point.
What must you do before starting to remove any distortions a body panel has received in a
collision? - ANS-Determine the direction the damaging force came from and the point at which
contact was made.
