COA KTU IMPORTANT TOPICS FOR EXAMS|| COMPLETE SOLUTION || 100% VERIFIED||2025

Module 1
 Basic Functional unit: Input, Memory, Arithmetic and logic , Output, Control Units
 Basic Operational Concepts:




Connection between processor and main memory

 Bus Structures ;Single Bus Structure, Multiple Bus Structure

 Byte Addressability: Big endian, Little endian




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, Basic Instruction Types: Three address instruction, Two address instruction, One
address instruction, Zero address instruction,
 Instruction Execution Sequencing
o Straight–line Sequencing:
o Branching
 Condition Codes:
 Addressing Modes:  Direct addressing mode
o Implied mode
 Indirect addressing mode
o Immediate mode
 Relative addressing mode
o Register mode
o Register indirect mode  Indexed addressing mode
o Auto increment/decrement mode  Base register addressing mode.




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,  Processor Organization: Single bus organization of data path inside a processor.




 Fetching a Word from Memory:
 Storing a word in Memory
 Execution of a Complete Instruction:




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