CS 302 SOFTWARE ENGINEERING ACTUAL QUESTIONS
WITH SOLUTIONS 2025 GRADED A+
✔✔Software Engineering Process - ✔✔Steps it takes to develop the system. Problem
recognition to a working solution.
✔✔Computer Science vs. Software Engineering - ✔✔Computer Science ( systems,
networking, database, AI):
Goal : Provide the basic science of computing hardware and software.
Focus: study of the theoretical foundations of computation and their implementation and
application in computer systems.
Software Engineering (software design/ architecture, analysis/specifications,
verification/validation, quality assurance, engineering process, teamwork) :
Goal: build effective software systems using a rigorous engineering approach.
Focus: Application of a systematic, disciplined, and quantifiable approach to the
development, operation, and maintenance of software.
Both share: programming fundamentals, basic computer science theory.
✔✔Software Characteristics, Responsiveness, and Types. - ✔✔
✔✔Application - ✔✔The set of programs that automate some business task.
1. characteristics
2. responsiveness
3. type
✔✔Characteristics - ✔✔Common to all applications and include data, processes,
constraints, and interfaces. (first and should be a review)
✔✔Responsiveness - ✔✔underlying time orientation of the application as batch, on-line,
or real-time.
✔✔Type - ✔✔The business orientation of the application as transactional, query,
decision, or intelligent.
✔✔Application Characteristics - ✔✔Data, Processes, Constraints, and interfaces.
1. act on data and require data input, output, storage and retrieval.
2. imbed commands that transform data from one state to another state based on and
constrained by business rules
3. have some human interfaces and may have one or more computer interfaces.
, ✔✔Data - ✔✔the raw material ( number and letters) that relate to each other to form
fields ( attributes), which defined entities.
Entities: definable class of people, concrete things, concepts, or events about which an
application must maintain data. ( customers, warehouses, departments, or orders)
✔✔Input - ✔✔data that are outside the computer and must be entered using some input
device. ( using keyboard, scanner, transmission)
✔✔Output - ✔✔Opposite of input. Data generated to some media that is outside the
computer. ( printers, video displays screens, other computers, microform equipment)
✔✔Data Storage and Data Retrival - ✔✔Storage: describes a physical, machine-
readable data format for data.
2 forms: Logical and physical
Retrieval: means you use to access the data from its storage format.
✔✔Logical data model - ✔✔Describes the way a user thinks about data.
Relational logical data model: arranged in tables of rows and columns.
Hierarchic logical data model: one-to-many relationships in a tree-shaped model that
resembles an organization chart.
Network logical data models: many-to-many relationships.
Object-oriented logical data models (OOLDM) : combine hierarchic and network logical
models to form a lattice-structured hierarchy.
✔✔Class - ✔✔set of data entities that share the defining characteristics.
✔✔Physical Data Model - ✔✔describes its layout for a particular hardware device.
Constrained by intended data use, access method, logical model, and storage device.
✔✔Process - ✔✔The sequence of instructions or conjunction of events that operate on
data.
Results include changes to data in a database, identification of data for display at a
terminal or printing paper, generate commands to equipment, generate program
commands, or storage of new facts or rules.
✔✔Constraints - ✔✔Processing is subject to constraints, which are limitations on the
behavior and/ or processing of entities.
6 Types : Prerequisite, postrequisite, time, structure, control, and inferential.
WITH SOLUTIONS 2025 GRADED A+
✔✔Software Engineering Process - ✔✔Steps it takes to develop the system. Problem
recognition to a working solution.
✔✔Computer Science vs. Software Engineering - ✔✔Computer Science ( systems,
networking, database, AI):
Goal : Provide the basic science of computing hardware and software.
Focus: study of the theoretical foundations of computation and their implementation and
application in computer systems.
Software Engineering (software design/ architecture, analysis/specifications,
verification/validation, quality assurance, engineering process, teamwork) :
Goal: build effective software systems using a rigorous engineering approach.
Focus: Application of a systematic, disciplined, and quantifiable approach to the
development, operation, and maintenance of software.
Both share: programming fundamentals, basic computer science theory.
✔✔Software Characteristics, Responsiveness, and Types. - ✔✔
✔✔Application - ✔✔The set of programs that automate some business task.
1. characteristics
2. responsiveness
3. type
✔✔Characteristics - ✔✔Common to all applications and include data, processes,
constraints, and interfaces. (first and should be a review)
✔✔Responsiveness - ✔✔underlying time orientation of the application as batch, on-line,
or real-time.
✔✔Type - ✔✔The business orientation of the application as transactional, query,
decision, or intelligent.
✔✔Application Characteristics - ✔✔Data, Processes, Constraints, and interfaces.
1. act on data and require data input, output, storage and retrieval.
2. imbed commands that transform data from one state to another state based on and
constrained by business rules
3. have some human interfaces and may have one or more computer interfaces.
, ✔✔Data - ✔✔the raw material ( number and letters) that relate to each other to form
fields ( attributes), which defined entities.
Entities: definable class of people, concrete things, concepts, or events about which an
application must maintain data. ( customers, warehouses, departments, or orders)
✔✔Input - ✔✔data that are outside the computer and must be entered using some input
device. ( using keyboard, scanner, transmission)
✔✔Output - ✔✔Opposite of input. Data generated to some media that is outside the
computer. ( printers, video displays screens, other computers, microform equipment)
✔✔Data Storage and Data Retrival - ✔✔Storage: describes a physical, machine-
readable data format for data.
2 forms: Logical and physical
Retrieval: means you use to access the data from its storage format.
✔✔Logical data model - ✔✔Describes the way a user thinks about data.
Relational logical data model: arranged in tables of rows and columns.
Hierarchic logical data model: one-to-many relationships in a tree-shaped model that
resembles an organization chart.
Network logical data models: many-to-many relationships.
Object-oriented logical data models (OOLDM) : combine hierarchic and network logical
models to form a lattice-structured hierarchy.
✔✔Class - ✔✔set of data entities that share the defining characteristics.
✔✔Physical Data Model - ✔✔describes its layout for a particular hardware device.
Constrained by intended data use, access method, logical model, and storage device.
✔✔Process - ✔✔The sequence of instructions or conjunction of events that operate on
data.
Results include changes to data in a database, identification of data for display at a
terminal or printing paper, generate commands to equipment, generate program
commands, or storage of new facts or rules.
✔✔Constraints - ✔✔Processing is subject to constraints, which are limitations on the
behavior and/ or processing of entities.
6 Types : Prerequisite, postrequisite, time, structure, control, and inferential.
