Test Bank For Contemporary Nursing Issues
ÐICS, Trends, & Management 9th
Edition By Barbara Cherry, Susan Jacob
Virtue Ethics - ANSWER ✔️ Theories of ethics, usually attributed
to Aristotle, that represent the idea that an individual's actions are
based upon innate moral virtue
Character Ethics - ANSWER ✔️ Theories of ethics, sometimes
called virtue ethics, that are related to the concept of innate moral
virtue
Focal Virtues (I don't think I need this in here) - ANSWER ✔️ This
is the big, green header, which is right after Virtue Ethics and
Character Ethics, on Pg. 49 and it contains the next 4 words
being Compassion, Discernment, Trustworthiness, and Integrity
Compassion - ANSWER ✔️ A focal virtue combining an attitude
of active regard for another's welfare with an imaginative
awareness and emotional response of deep sympathy,
tenderness, and discomfort at the other person's misfortune or
suffering
Discernment - ANSWER ✔️ A focal virtue of sensitive insight,
acute judgment and understanding that results in decisive action
,Trustworthiness - ANSWER ✔️ A focal virtue that results in
recognition by others of one's consistency and predictability in
following moral norms
Integrity - ANSWER ✔️ Refers to adherence to moral norms that
is sustained over time. Implicit in this is trustworthiness and a
consistency of convictions, actions, and emotions
Privacy (I don't think I need this in here) - ANSWER ✔️ (This is
right before Confidentiality, but I am not sure if it is necessary for
it to be in there, yet it goes right along with what Confidentiality
truly is)
- Refers to the right of an individual to control the personal
information or secrets that are disclosed to others
Confidentiality - ANSWER ✔️ The ethical principle that requires
nondisclosure of private or secret information with which one is
entrusted. In research, it refers to the researcher's assurance to
participants that information provided will not be made public or
available to anyone other than those involved in the research
process without the participant's consent
Limits of Confidentiality - ANSWER ✔️ - There are arguments
that favor questioning the absolute obligation of confidentiality in
certain situations
--> these arguments include theories related to the principles of
harm and vulnerability
, ~~> The harm principle can be applied when the nurse or other
professional recognizes that maintaining confidentiality will result
in preventable wrongful hard to innocent others
==> Ex: Mandatory premarital testing for syphilis, for example, is
intended to prevent the spread of a serious communicable
disease to innocent babies and spouses
++> In this instance, society chooses to override the privacy of
the individual to protect the health of the innocent
~~> The harm principle is strengthened when one considers the
vulnerability of the innocent. The duty to protect others from harm
is stronger t=when the third party is dependent on others or is in
some way especially vulnerable. This duty is called the
Vulnerability Principle
Vulnerability implies risk or susceptibility to harm when vulnerable
individuals have a relative inability to protect themselves
--> Ex: For example, nurses have an absolute duty to report child
abuse. Because children are dependent and vulnerable, they are
at greater risk of harm.
- Coupling of the harm principle with the Vulnerability Principle
produces a rather strong argument for abandoning the principle of
Confidentiality in certain instances
- Actions that are considered ethical are not always found to be
legal. Though there is an ethical basis for subsuming the principle
of Confidentiality in special circumstances, and there is some
legal precedent for doing so, there is legal risk to disclosing
sensitive information. There is dynamic tension between the
patient's right to Confidentiality and the duty to warn innocent
others. Nurses need to recognize that careful consideration of the
eth
, Justice (Medical Justice) - ANSWER ✔️ An ethical principle that
relates to fair, equitable, and appropriate treatment in light of what
is due or owed to persons, recognizing that giving to some will
deny receipt to others who might otherwise have received these
things. In research, it implies the rights of fair treatment and
privacy, including anonymity and confidentiality
Distributive Justice - ANSWER ✔️ - Application of an ethical
principle that relates to fair, equitable, and appropriate distribution
in society, determined by justified norms that structure the terms
of social cooperation. Its scope includes policies that allot diverse
benefits and burdens such as property, resources, taxation,
privileges, and opportunities
- Unfortunately, there is a finite supply of goods and services, and
it is impossible for all people to have everything they might want
or need
--> One of the primary purposes of governing systems is to
formulate and enforce policies that deal with fair and equitable
distribution of scarce resources
--> Decisions about this are made on a variety of levels.
~~> The government is responsible for deciding policy about
broad public health access issues, such as children's
immunization and Medicare for the elderly
~~>Hospitals and other organizations formulate policy on an
institutional level and deal with issues such as how decisions will
be made concerning who will occupy intensive care beds and
which types of patients will be accepted in emergency rooms
~~> Nurses and other health care providers frequently make
decisions of this _______________ on an individual basis
ÐICS, Trends, & Management 9th
Edition By Barbara Cherry, Susan Jacob
Virtue Ethics - ANSWER ✔️ Theories of ethics, usually attributed
to Aristotle, that represent the idea that an individual's actions are
based upon innate moral virtue
Character Ethics - ANSWER ✔️ Theories of ethics, sometimes
called virtue ethics, that are related to the concept of innate moral
virtue
Focal Virtues (I don't think I need this in here) - ANSWER ✔️ This
is the big, green header, which is right after Virtue Ethics and
Character Ethics, on Pg. 49 and it contains the next 4 words
being Compassion, Discernment, Trustworthiness, and Integrity
Compassion - ANSWER ✔️ A focal virtue combining an attitude
of active regard for another's welfare with an imaginative
awareness and emotional response of deep sympathy,
tenderness, and discomfort at the other person's misfortune or
suffering
Discernment - ANSWER ✔️ A focal virtue of sensitive insight,
acute judgment and understanding that results in decisive action
,Trustworthiness - ANSWER ✔️ A focal virtue that results in
recognition by others of one's consistency and predictability in
following moral norms
Integrity - ANSWER ✔️ Refers to adherence to moral norms that
is sustained over time. Implicit in this is trustworthiness and a
consistency of convictions, actions, and emotions
Privacy (I don't think I need this in here) - ANSWER ✔️ (This is
right before Confidentiality, but I am not sure if it is necessary for
it to be in there, yet it goes right along with what Confidentiality
truly is)
- Refers to the right of an individual to control the personal
information or secrets that are disclosed to others
Confidentiality - ANSWER ✔️ The ethical principle that requires
nondisclosure of private or secret information with which one is
entrusted. In research, it refers to the researcher's assurance to
participants that information provided will not be made public or
available to anyone other than those involved in the research
process without the participant's consent
Limits of Confidentiality - ANSWER ✔️ - There are arguments
that favor questioning the absolute obligation of confidentiality in
certain situations
--> these arguments include theories related to the principles of
harm and vulnerability
, ~~> The harm principle can be applied when the nurse or other
professional recognizes that maintaining confidentiality will result
in preventable wrongful hard to innocent others
==> Ex: Mandatory premarital testing for syphilis, for example, is
intended to prevent the spread of a serious communicable
disease to innocent babies and spouses
++> In this instance, society chooses to override the privacy of
the individual to protect the health of the innocent
~~> The harm principle is strengthened when one considers the
vulnerability of the innocent. The duty to protect others from harm
is stronger t=when the third party is dependent on others or is in
some way especially vulnerable. This duty is called the
Vulnerability Principle
Vulnerability implies risk or susceptibility to harm when vulnerable
individuals have a relative inability to protect themselves
--> Ex: For example, nurses have an absolute duty to report child
abuse. Because children are dependent and vulnerable, they are
at greater risk of harm.
- Coupling of the harm principle with the Vulnerability Principle
produces a rather strong argument for abandoning the principle of
Confidentiality in certain instances
- Actions that are considered ethical are not always found to be
legal. Though there is an ethical basis for subsuming the principle
of Confidentiality in special circumstances, and there is some
legal precedent for doing so, there is legal risk to disclosing
sensitive information. There is dynamic tension between the
patient's right to Confidentiality and the duty to warn innocent
others. Nurses need to recognize that careful consideration of the
eth
, Justice (Medical Justice) - ANSWER ✔️ An ethical principle that
relates to fair, equitable, and appropriate treatment in light of what
is due or owed to persons, recognizing that giving to some will
deny receipt to others who might otherwise have received these
things. In research, it implies the rights of fair treatment and
privacy, including anonymity and confidentiality
Distributive Justice - ANSWER ✔️ - Application of an ethical
principle that relates to fair, equitable, and appropriate distribution
in society, determined by justified norms that structure the terms
of social cooperation. Its scope includes policies that allot diverse
benefits and burdens such as property, resources, taxation,
privileges, and opportunities
- Unfortunately, there is a finite supply of goods and services, and
it is impossible for all people to have everything they might want
or need
--> One of the primary purposes of governing systems is to
formulate and enforce policies that deal with fair and equitable
distribution of scarce resources
--> Decisions about this are made on a variety of levels.
~~> The government is responsible for deciding policy about
broad public health access issues, such as children's
immunization and Medicare for the elderly
~~>Hospitals and other organizations formulate policy on an
institutional level and deal with issues such as how decisions will
be made concerning who will occupy intensive care beds and
which types of patients will be accepted in emergency rooms
~~> Nurses and other health care providers frequently make
decisions of this _______________ on an individual basis
