SOLUTIONS 2025 GRADED A+
✔✔Family Planning - ✔✔The conscious effort of couples to regulate the number and
spacing of births through artificial and natural contraception
avoid pregnancies and abortions but also includes couples to induce pregnancies
✔✔Child health - ✔✔The health and well-being of a child
✔✔Child mortality rate - ✔✔The probability that a newborn will die before reaching the
age of 5 (expressed in 1000)
Subsaharan africa
✔✔Infant Mortality Rate - ✔✔The number of deaths of infants under age 1 per 1000 live
births in a given year
✔✔Neonatal Mortality Rate - ✔✔The number of deaths to infants under 28 days in age
in a given year for 1000 births
Subsaharan Africa
✔✔Sub Saharan Africa and South Asia - ✔✔Highest rates in Neonatal mortality rate,
infant mortality, and child mortality rates
✔✔Fertility - ✔✔The production of offspring within a population
✔✔Health Determinants - ✔✔Factors that contribute to the general well-being of
individuals and population
i.e. individual characteristics, employment, education, government, etc..
✔✔Health and Education - ✔✔Intergenerational Links: health and education of parents
affect health and education of children
Malnutrition and disease affect cognitive development
Education contributes to disease prevention and management
✔✔Health and Poverty - ✔✔Good health increase longevity and lifetime earnings
Health workers are more productive
When sick people cant make money
, illness can make people poor
indirect costs
illness = less money
Disabilities mean there is less money
✔✔Total fertility Rate - ✔✔The number of live births per 1000 women between the ages
of 15 and 44
✔✔Maternal Mortality Ratio - ✔✔Maternal deaths per 100,000 live births
Sub saharan africa
✔✔Life expectancy - ✔✔A figure indicating how long, on average, a person may be
expected to live
Higher income = more life expectancy
✔✔Malaria - ✔✔Treatment and Prevention
✔✔HIV/AIDS - ✔✔Treatment and Prevention
✔✔TB - ✔✔Treatment and prevention
✔✔DALY - ✔✔a unit for measuring the amount of health lost because of a particular
injury
Disability-Adjusted Life Year
✔✔HALE - ✔✔Summarizes the expected number of years to be lived in the terms that
is the equivalent of good health
✔✔low and middle income countries - ✔✔need to establish a better economic state in
order to get proper medicine and care
✔✔Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948) - ✔✔The right for everyone to receive
proper healthcare
mothers and children are entitled to special care
✔✔Declaration of Helsinki - ✔✔Developed ethical principles to guide physicians
conducting biomedical research on humans