GCH 205 MIDTERM EXAM QUESTIONS WITH SOLUTIONS
2025 GRADED A+
✔✔Where is universal primary education still not met? Solutions - ✔✔universal primary
education is not met
Reasons include
-Costs
-Loss of income
-Hunger
-Health challenges- malaria, worms, malnutrition
-Lack of toilets
✔✔Where is female education still a challenge?What are the health benefits of
educating women/ girls? - ✔✔Western Asia, sub-Saharan Africa and Northern Africa
Economic growth
Mothers impact the health, education, and nutrition of their children
Family economic prospects
Reproductive health
✔✔What is the Gini index? How is it related to the Human Development Index? -
✔✔inequality in the distribution of incomes within a particular country, 0 to 100
The Human Development Index: national development (life expectancy at birth,
education, income)
✔✔What interventions tend to be most cost-effective? How is cost-effectiveness
analysis used? - ✔✔Public health is generally a cost-effective area for investment:
Not investing in public health can be catastrophic
Prevention often MUCH cheaper than treatment
Most cost-effective interventions: cheap, easily distributed, impact infants and children
✔✔Ways that culture influences health and how it might affect the
structure/implementation of programs - ✔✔Personal health behaviors
Perceptions of illness
Usage of health services
Health practices and medical treatment
Perceptions of illness: what is "normal" and what is "sick"
Perceptions of disease: what causes illness?
Prevention depends on the perceived cause
Many beliefs/practices about avoiding disease
At what age is it appropriate for a woman to get pregnant? Under what circumstances?
How many children should a family have?
To whom do children belong?
Who should be involved in the pregnancy? In childrearing?
, ✔✔Behavior change: importance for health promotion, importance of culture, behavior
change methods - ✔✔Strong link between culture and behavior
Examples: burning solid fuels indoors, infant feeding practices, eating practices for
children and adults, transactional sex, hygiene, smoking
Health behavior theories help understand behavior and plan programs
No perfect theory!
May be descriptive or may guide program planning
Health intervention/program: one or more activities to address an identified need or
challenge
Community mobilization
Social marketing
Information, Education, and Communication
May be interpersonal, group, mass media
Behavior Change Communication
Conditional cash transfers
Combination of approaches is usually most effective!
✔✔primary, secondary, tertiary health care (examples of each); - ✔✔Primary: first point
of contact; Well baby care...
Secondary: provided by some specialist physicians and general hospitals; primary +
Treatment of sick children...
Tertiary: provided by an array of specialist physicians and specialized hospitals;
primary+secondary + Treatment of HIV...
✔✔Declaration of Alma-Ata - ✔✔Health as a human right
Primary health care is essential to achieve "health for all"
Movement and central tenet of global health
Referral system link to other levels
Focus on public health approach
Way of achieving universal access
✔✔bilateral vs. multilateral aid - ✔✔Bilateral aid (bilateral agencies): USAID, CIDA,
DFID
Multilateral aid (multilateral development banks, other mechanisms): African
Development Bank; Global Fund to Fight AIDS, TB, and Malaria
✔✔scaling up - ✔✔increase proportionally
✔✔supply chain management - ✔✔Supply and distribution system
✔✔What is a health system? What are its functions and goals?What are its
components? Who are the actors and what are their roles (government, NGOs, private
2025 GRADED A+
✔✔Where is universal primary education still not met? Solutions - ✔✔universal primary
education is not met
Reasons include
-Costs
-Loss of income
-Hunger
-Health challenges- malaria, worms, malnutrition
-Lack of toilets
✔✔Where is female education still a challenge?What are the health benefits of
educating women/ girls? - ✔✔Western Asia, sub-Saharan Africa and Northern Africa
Economic growth
Mothers impact the health, education, and nutrition of their children
Family economic prospects
Reproductive health
✔✔What is the Gini index? How is it related to the Human Development Index? -
✔✔inequality in the distribution of incomes within a particular country, 0 to 100
The Human Development Index: national development (life expectancy at birth,
education, income)
✔✔What interventions tend to be most cost-effective? How is cost-effectiveness
analysis used? - ✔✔Public health is generally a cost-effective area for investment:
Not investing in public health can be catastrophic
Prevention often MUCH cheaper than treatment
Most cost-effective interventions: cheap, easily distributed, impact infants and children
✔✔Ways that culture influences health and how it might affect the
structure/implementation of programs - ✔✔Personal health behaviors
Perceptions of illness
Usage of health services
Health practices and medical treatment
Perceptions of illness: what is "normal" and what is "sick"
Perceptions of disease: what causes illness?
Prevention depends on the perceived cause
Many beliefs/practices about avoiding disease
At what age is it appropriate for a woman to get pregnant? Under what circumstances?
How many children should a family have?
To whom do children belong?
Who should be involved in the pregnancy? In childrearing?
, ✔✔Behavior change: importance for health promotion, importance of culture, behavior
change methods - ✔✔Strong link between culture and behavior
Examples: burning solid fuels indoors, infant feeding practices, eating practices for
children and adults, transactional sex, hygiene, smoking
Health behavior theories help understand behavior and plan programs
No perfect theory!
May be descriptive or may guide program planning
Health intervention/program: one or more activities to address an identified need or
challenge
Community mobilization
Social marketing
Information, Education, and Communication
May be interpersonal, group, mass media
Behavior Change Communication
Conditional cash transfers
Combination of approaches is usually most effective!
✔✔primary, secondary, tertiary health care (examples of each); - ✔✔Primary: first point
of contact; Well baby care...
Secondary: provided by some specialist physicians and general hospitals; primary +
Treatment of sick children...
Tertiary: provided by an array of specialist physicians and specialized hospitals;
primary+secondary + Treatment of HIV...
✔✔Declaration of Alma-Ata - ✔✔Health as a human right
Primary health care is essential to achieve "health for all"
Movement and central tenet of global health
Referral system link to other levels
Focus on public health approach
Way of achieving universal access
✔✔bilateral vs. multilateral aid - ✔✔Bilateral aid (bilateral agencies): USAID, CIDA,
DFID
Multilateral aid (multilateral development banks, other mechanisms): African
Development Bank; Global Fund to Fight AIDS, TB, and Malaria
✔✔scaling up - ✔✔increase proportionally
✔✔supply chain management - ✔✔Supply and distribution system
✔✔What is a health system? What are its functions and goals?What are its
components? Who are the actors and what are their roles (government, NGOs, private
