Neuroscience: Final Exam Questions
And Answers
____zarezaztypezofzglialzcellzthatzconsistszofzmyelinzandzmakeszupzazsignificantzportionzofzthe
zcentralznervouszsystem,zwhile____performzazsimilarztaskzinzthezperipheralznervouszsyste
m.___areztypicallyzlocatedznearzthezbrain'szvasculature.zWezowe____ellszgratitudezforzthei
rzrolezaszphagocytes,zcleaningzupzthezdebriszandzdamagedzcells.z-zCORRECTzzANSWER-
Oligodendrocytes
Schwannzcells
astrocytes
microglial
_________zarezperipheralzreceptorszonzfreeznervezendingszrespondztozpainfulzstimuli,zwithz
threezdesignationszthatzsupportzdetectionzofztemperature,zsharpzpain,zorzazwiderzrangezofzs
timuli.z-zCORRECTzzANSWER-nociceptors
___guideszmovementzofzthezeyesztowardzobjects,zsupportingzattentionzandzvisualzsearch.z
___z,zassociatedzwithzthezthalamus,zsupportszvisualzprocessingzincludingzthezdirectionzofzo
urzattention.z-zCORRECTzzANSWER---SuperiorzColliculusz
--zPulvinar
Az7-year-
oldzpatientzpresentszwithzsomezbalancezandzmotorzcoordinationzissues.zUponzfurtherzevalu
ation,zthezparentzandzchildzreportzdifficultyzinzschool,zparticularlyzinzmath.zAfterzanzMRI,zitzw
aszdiscoveredzthezpatientzpossessedzazsmallzbrainztumorzinzthez_________,zaccountingzfor
zbothzdifficultieszinzmotorzcoordinationzandzbasiczmathzskillzdevelopment.z-
zCORRECTzzANSWER-cerebellum
Azfriendzcomeszintozyourzhousezandzeatszallzthezchocolateszinzyourzpantry.zYouzcomezinzan
dzatzfirstzarezveryzangry.zThenzyouzthinkztozyourself,z"That'szactuallyzbetterzforzme.zNowzIzdo
n'tzhaveztozeatzallzthosezcalories."zWhatzhavezyouzdone?z-zCORRECTzzANSWER-
A.zallzofzthezanswerzoptionszarezcorrect
Azpatientzexperienceszischemia,zthisziszazconcernzbecausez-zCORRECTzzANSWER-
thezdropzinzbloodzpressurezcouldzresultzinzazfallzorzlackzofzoxygenztoztheztissue
Azpatientzwithzdysarthriazhasztroublez-zCORRECTzzANSWER-
C.zControllingzthezmuscleszthatzarticulatezspeechzsounds.
, Azpatient'szsymptomszincludezpoorzspokenzandzwrittenzcomprehensionzbutzfluentzandzreas
onablyzgrammaticalzspeechzoutput.zWhichzpartzofzthiszperson'szbrainziszmostzlikelyzdamage
d?z-zCORRECTzzANSWER-C.thezposteriorzlanguagezareaszinzthezleftzhemisphere
Afterzazheadzinjuryztozthezbackzofzherzhead,zPeggyzexperiencezdifficultieszwithzvisualzproces
sing.zIfzthezdamagezwaszsustainedzinzthezmidbrainzregionzofzthezbrain,zwhichzstructurezmayz
bezimpacted?z-zCORRECTzzANSWER-superiorzcolliculi
Afterzcallosotomy,zresearcherszlearnedzthatzvisuospatialzabilitieszwerezlateralizedztozthezlef
tzhemisphere.zThiszincludeszthezabilityztozlookzatzpatternszandzphysicallyzmanipulatezpieces
ztozformzshapes,zaszwellzaszrecognizezandzdiscriminatezagainstzuprightzfaces.z-
zCORRECTzzANSWER-False
Afterzsufferingzazfocalzbrainzinjury,zazpatientzhaszgreatzdifficultyzinzpantomimingzparticularzm
otorzactionszsuchzaszturningzazkeyzinzazlock.zBecausezotherzproblemszlikezhemiplegia,zmus
clezweakness,zsensoryzdeficits,zandzlackzofzmotivationzhavezbeenzruledzout,zyourzdiagnosis
zwouldzbe...z-zCORRECTzzANSWER-B.zApraxia
Allz5ztasteszoccurzthroughzazprocesszofzdepolarization.zSour,zBitter,zandzSaltyzalsozinvolvez
metabotropiczprocesses.z-zCORRECTzzANSWER-False
Allzarezcriteriazforzneurotransmitterzcategorizationzexcept:z-zCORRECTzzANSWER-
Itziszableztozassociatezwithinzthezamine,zneuropeptide,zorzgaszcategories
Allzmethodszpossesszlimitations.zAllzthezfollowingzarezlimitationszexcept:z-
zCORRECTzzANSWER-ERPziszhemodynamicallyzdependent
Allzofzthezfollowingzfactorszimpactzthezresponsezofzthezstereociliazinztermszofztransmittingzvi
brationszEXCEPTz-zCORRECTzzANSWER-width
Aszwezstudyzobjectzrecognitionztherezarez4zmajorzcomponents/conceptszthatzmustzbezconsi
dered.zThezprecisezusezofztermszhelpszuszframezthezrecognitionzandzmeasurezaccuracy.zO
bjectzperceptionziszsupportedzbyzsystemzcohesionzviazmentalzrepresentations.zThezconcep
tzthatzmemoryzsupportszrecognitionzisz___________.zOurz____________zarezflexiblezandzr
obustzwhenzwezconsiderzhowzvariedzpositionszalterzourzperception.z-
zCORRECTzzANSWER-thezproductzofzperception;zperceptualzcapabilities
BrendazMilnerzdiscoveredzmultiplezmemoryzsystemszthroughzongoingzstudyzofzPenfield'szp
atients.zAzstudentzofzHebb,zherzresearchzmovedzuszfromzbehaviorismztowardzcognitivezneu
roscience.z-zCORRECTzzANSWER-True
ConsideringzthezMemoryzandzUnificationzcomponentszofzHagoort'szmodelzofzlanguagezco
mprehension,zduringzazconversationzwithzyourzprofessor,z-zCORRECTzzANSWER-
A.unificationzwouldzbezpullingztogetherzandzintegratingzvariouszcomponentszofzthezwordszc
omingzoutzofzyourzprofessor'szmouthztozprocesszwhatzshezwaszsaying.
And Answers
____zarezaztypezofzglialzcellzthatzconsistszofzmyelinzandzmakeszupzazsignificantzportionzofzthe
zcentralznervouszsystem,zwhile____performzazsimilarztaskzinzthezperipheralznervouszsyste
m.___areztypicallyzlocatedznearzthezbrain'szvasculature.zWezowe____ellszgratitudezforzthei
rzrolezaszphagocytes,zcleaningzupzthezdebriszandzdamagedzcells.z-zCORRECTzzANSWER-
Oligodendrocytes
Schwannzcells
astrocytes
microglial
_________zarezperipheralzreceptorszonzfreeznervezendingszrespondztozpainfulzstimuli,zwithz
threezdesignationszthatzsupportzdetectionzofztemperature,zsharpzpain,zorzazwiderzrangezofzs
timuli.z-zCORRECTzzANSWER-nociceptors
___guideszmovementzofzthezeyesztowardzobjects,zsupportingzattentionzandzvisualzsearch.z
___z,zassociatedzwithzthezthalamus,zsupportszvisualzprocessingzincludingzthezdirectionzofzo
urzattention.z-zCORRECTzzANSWER---SuperiorzColliculusz
--zPulvinar
Az7-year-
oldzpatientzpresentszwithzsomezbalancezandzmotorzcoordinationzissues.zUponzfurtherzevalu
ation,zthezparentzandzchildzreportzdifficultyzinzschool,zparticularlyzinzmath.zAfterzanzMRI,zitzw
aszdiscoveredzthezpatientzpossessedzazsmallzbrainztumorzinzthez_________,zaccountingzfor
zbothzdifficultieszinzmotorzcoordinationzandzbasiczmathzskillzdevelopment.z-
zCORRECTzzANSWER-cerebellum
Azfriendzcomeszintozyourzhousezandzeatszallzthezchocolateszinzyourzpantry.zYouzcomezinzan
dzatzfirstzarezveryzangry.zThenzyouzthinkztozyourself,z"That'szactuallyzbetterzforzme.zNowzIzdo
n'tzhaveztozeatzallzthosezcalories."zWhatzhavezyouzdone?z-zCORRECTzzANSWER-
A.zallzofzthezanswerzoptionszarezcorrect
Azpatientzexperienceszischemia,zthisziszazconcernzbecausez-zCORRECTzzANSWER-
thezdropzinzbloodzpressurezcouldzresultzinzazfallzorzlackzofzoxygenztoztheztissue
Azpatientzwithzdysarthriazhasztroublez-zCORRECTzzANSWER-
C.zControllingzthezmuscleszthatzarticulatezspeechzsounds.
, Azpatient'szsymptomszincludezpoorzspokenzandzwrittenzcomprehensionzbutzfluentzandzreas
onablyzgrammaticalzspeechzoutput.zWhichzpartzofzthiszperson'szbrainziszmostzlikelyzdamage
d?z-zCORRECTzzANSWER-C.thezposteriorzlanguagezareaszinzthezleftzhemisphere
Afterzazheadzinjuryztozthezbackzofzherzhead,zPeggyzexperiencezdifficultieszwithzvisualzproces
sing.zIfzthezdamagezwaszsustainedzinzthezmidbrainzregionzofzthezbrain,zwhichzstructurezmayz
bezimpacted?z-zCORRECTzzANSWER-superiorzcolliculi
Afterzcallosotomy,zresearcherszlearnedzthatzvisuospatialzabilitieszwerezlateralizedztozthezlef
tzhemisphere.zThiszincludeszthezabilityztozlookzatzpatternszandzphysicallyzmanipulatezpieces
ztozformzshapes,zaszwellzaszrecognizezandzdiscriminatezagainstzuprightzfaces.z-
zCORRECTzzANSWER-False
Afterzsufferingzazfocalzbrainzinjury,zazpatientzhaszgreatzdifficultyzinzpantomimingzparticularzm
otorzactionszsuchzaszturningzazkeyzinzazlock.zBecausezotherzproblemszlikezhemiplegia,zmus
clezweakness,zsensoryzdeficits,zandzlackzofzmotivationzhavezbeenzruledzout,zyourzdiagnosis
zwouldzbe...z-zCORRECTzzANSWER-B.zApraxia
Allz5ztasteszoccurzthroughzazprocesszofzdepolarization.zSour,zBitter,zandzSaltyzalsozinvolvez
metabotropiczprocesses.z-zCORRECTzzANSWER-False
Allzarezcriteriazforzneurotransmitterzcategorizationzexcept:z-zCORRECTzzANSWER-
Itziszableztozassociatezwithinzthezamine,zneuropeptide,zorzgaszcategories
Allzmethodszpossesszlimitations.zAllzthezfollowingzarezlimitationszexcept:z-
zCORRECTzzANSWER-ERPziszhemodynamicallyzdependent
Allzofzthezfollowingzfactorszimpactzthezresponsezofzthezstereociliazinztermszofztransmittingzvi
brationszEXCEPTz-zCORRECTzzANSWER-width
Aszwezstudyzobjectzrecognitionztherezarez4zmajorzcomponents/conceptszthatzmustzbezconsi
dered.zThezprecisezusezofztermszhelpszuszframezthezrecognitionzandzmeasurezaccuracy.zO
bjectzperceptionziszsupportedzbyzsystemzcohesionzviazmentalzrepresentations.zThezconcep
tzthatzmemoryzsupportszrecognitionzisz___________.zOurz____________zarezflexiblezandzr
obustzwhenzwezconsiderzhowzvariedzpositionszalterzourzperception.z-
zCORRECTzzANSWER-thezproductzofzperception;zperceptualzcapabilities
BrendazMilnerzdiscoveredzmultiplezmemoryzsystemszthroughzongoingzstudyzofzPenfield'szp
atients.zAzstudentzofzHebb,zherzresearchzmovedzuszfromzbehaviorismztowardzcognitivezneu
roscience.z-zCORRECTzzANSWER-True
ConsideringzthezMemoryzandzUnificationzcomponentszofzHagoort'szmodelzofzlanguagezco
mprehension,zduringzazconversationzwithzyourzprofessor,z-zCORRECTzzANSWER-
A.unificationzwouldzbezpullingztogetherzandzintegratingzvariouszcomponentszofzthezwordszc
omingzoutzofzyourzprofessor'szmouthztozprocesszwhatzshezwaszsaying.