2025 LATEST UPDATED |FLUID AND
ELECTROLYTES | MOSTLY TESTED COMPLETE
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS | 100% RATED
CORRECT !!| 100% VERIFIED
- RIGHT ANSWER -trousseau's sign and chvostek's sign
1/2 NS - RIGHT ANSWER -normal saline 0.45%
abnormal spacing - RIGHT ANSWER -third spacing
Active Transport - RIGHT ANSWER -movement of solute against a pressure gradient
Aldosterone - RIGHT ANSWER -produced as a result of the renin-angiotensin system, acts to
regulate fluid volume, sodium and water retention leads to increases in fluid volume and sodium
levels
BUN - RIGHT ANSWER -10-20
causes of extracellular fluid volume deficit - RIGHT ANSWER -excessive fluid loss and inadequate
fluid intake
causes of Extracellular fluid volume excess - RIGHT ANSWER --heart failure
-liver damage
-renal disorders
-excessive IV fluid intake
,causes of hypercalcemia - RIGHT ANSWER --multiple myeloma
-other malignancy
-prolonged immobilization
-hyperparathyroidism
-vit D overdose
-thiazide diuretics
Causes of hypocalcemia - RIGHT ANSWER --inadequate intestinal absorption
-deposition of ionized calcium into bone or soft tissue
-blood administration
-decreases in PTH and vitamin D
-nutritional deficiencies occur with inadequate sources of dairy products or green leafy
vegetables
Causes of shift of potassium into cells - RIGHT ANSWER --increased insulin
-alkalosis
-tissue repair
-increased epinephrine (ie: stress)
Causes of shift of potassium out of cells - RIGHT ANSWER --acidosis
-tissue catabolism (fever, sepsis, bums)
-crush injury
-tumor lysis syndrome
Caution with Hypertonic Solutions - RIGHT ANSWER -can irritate vein and cause sclerosis, can
cause cell shrinkage and organ dysfunction, can cause severe circulatory overload
,Creatinine - RIGHT ANSWER -0.5-1.5
D 5 1/2 NS (0.45%) - RIGHT ANSWER -dextrose 5% in 1/2 normal saline
D5 1/2 NS with 2omEq K+ - RIGHT ANSWER -dextrose 5% in 1/2 normal saline with 20 mEq
Potassium
D5LR - RIGHT ANSWER -dextrose 5% in lactated ringer's
D5NS - RIGHT ANSWER -dextrose 5% in normal saline
D5W o 5% D/W - RIGHT ANSWER -dextrose 5% in water
Diffusion - RIGHT ANSWER -random movement of particles through fluid and gas
Example of isotonic solution - RIGHT ANSWER -normal saline, lactated ringers
Examples of hypertonic solutions - RIGHT ANSWER -saline solutions, dextrose solutions
examples of hypotonic fluids - RIGHT ANSWER -1/2 NS and 1/4 NS
Extracellular - RIGHT ANSWER -outside the cells, about 30%,
Extracellular fluid contains - RIGHT ANSWER --interstitial fluid
-intravascular fluid
,-cerebrospinal fluid
-intraocular
-GI fluid
Extracellular fluid volume deficit definition - RIGHT ANSWER -loss of fluids from body or from
fluid shifts w/in the body
Extracellular fluid volume excess definition - RIGHT ANSWER -increased fluid retention in the
intravascular and interstitial spaces
Filtration - RIGHT ANSWER -transfer of water and solute through a semi-permeable membrane
from a region of higher pressure to a region of lower pressure (hydrostatic pressure by heart
pumping)
first space - RIGHT ANSWER -vascular
Fluid compartments - RIGHT ANSWER -intracellular and extracellular
Function of Electrolytes - RIGHT ANSWER --regulate water balance
-regulate acid-base balance
-contributes to enzyme reactions
-essential to neuromuscular activity
Function of potassium - RIGHT ANSWER --assists in controlling cardiac rate and rhythm
-helps in conduction of nerve impulses
-skeletal muscle contraction
-function of smooth muscle
,-kidney is primary regulator
-sources of K+ from dietary fiber
functionf of Magnesium - RIGHT ANSWER --promotes enzyme reactions within the cell during
carbohydrate metabolism
-helps the body produce ad us ATP for energy
-takes part in protein synthesis
-influences vasodilation, helping the CV system function normally
-helps sodium and potassium ions cross the cell membrane
functions of calcium - RIGHT ANSWER --catalyst in transmission and conduction of nervi impulses
-stimulates contraction of skeletal, smooth and cardiac muscle
-maintains normal cellular perm.
-promotes coagulation of blood
-promotes absorption and utilization of vitamin B12
-promotes strong and durable bones and teeth
Functions of extracellular fluid - RIGHT ANSWER -1.transports
2. regulates heat
3. lubricates/cushions joints and membranes
4. hydrolyzes food
Functions of sodium - RIGHT ANSWER --stimulates conduction of nerve and muscle fiber
impulses
-primary regulator is kidney
-sources of sodium is through dietary intake
ELECTROLYTES | MOSTLY TESTED COMPLETE
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS | 100% RATED
CORRECT !!| 100% VERIFIED
- RIGHT ANSWER -trousseau's sign and chvostek's sign
1/2 NS - RIGHT ANSWER -normal saline 0.45%
abnormal spacing - RIGHT ANSWER -third spacing
Active Transport - RIGHT ANSWER -movement of solute against a pressure gradient
Aldosterone - RIGHT ANSWER -produced as a result of the renin-angiotensin system, acts to
regulate fluid volume, sodium and water retention leads to increases in fluid volume and sodium
levels
BUN - RIGHT ANSWER -10-20
causes of extracellular fluid volume deficit - RIGHT ANSWER -excessive fluid loss and inadequate
fluid intake
causes of Extracellular fluid volume excess - RIGHT ANSWER --heart failure
-liver damage
-renal disorders
-excessive IV fluid intake
,causes of hypercalcemia - RIGHT ANSWER --multiple myeloma
-other malignancy
-prolonged immobilization
-hyperparathyroidism
-vit D overdose
-thiazide diuretics
Causes of hypocalcemia - RIGHT ANSWER --inadequate intestinal absorption
-deposition of ionized calcium into bone or soft tissue
-blood administration
-decreases in PTH and vitamin D
-nutritional deficiencies occur with inadequate sources of dairy products or green leafy
vegetables
Causes of shift of potassium into cells - RIGHT ANSWER --increased insulin
-alkalosis
-tissue repair
-increased epinephrine (ie: stress)
Causes of shift of potassium out of cells - RIGHT ANSWER --acidosis
-tissue catabolism (fever, sepsis, bums)
-crush injury
-tumor lysis syndrome
Caution with Hypertonic Solutions - RIGHT ANSWER -can irritate vein and cause sclerosis, can
cause cell shrinkage and organ dysfunction, can cause severe circulatory overload
,Creatinine - RIGHT ANSWER -0.5-1.5
D 5 1/2 NS (0.45%) - RIGHT ANSWER -dextrose 5% in 1/2 normal saline
D5 1/2 NS with 2omEq K+ - RIGHT ANSWER -dextrose 5% in 1/2 normal saline with 20 mEq
Potassium
D5LR - RIGHT ANSWER -dextrose 5% in lactated ringer's
D5NS - RIGHT ANSWER -dextrose 5% in normal saline
D5W o 5% D/W - RIGHT ANSWER -dextrose 5% in water
Diffusion - RIGHT ANSWER -random movement of particles through fluid and gas
Example of isotonic solution - RIGHT ANSWER -normal saline, lactated ringers
Examples of hypertonic solutions - RIGHT ANSWER -saline solutions, dextrose solutions
examples of hypotonic fluids - RIGHT ANSWER -1/2 NS and 1/4 NS
Extracellular - RIGHT ANSWER -outside the cells, about 30%,
Extracellular fluid contains - RIGHT ANSWER --interstitial fluid
-intravascular fluid
,-cerebrospinal fluid
-intraocular
-GI fluid
Extracellular fluid volume deficit definition - RIGHT ANSWER -loss of fluids from body or from
fluid shifts w/in the body
Extracellular fluid volume excess definition - RIGHT ANSWER -increased fluid retention in the
intravascular and interstitial spaces
Filtration - RIGHT ANSWER -transfer of water and solute through a semi-permeable membrane
from a region of higher pressure to a region of lower pressure (hydrostatic pressure by heart
pumping)
first space - RIGHT ANSWER -vascular
Fluid compartments - RIGHT ANSWER -intracellular and extracellular
Function of Electrolytes - RIGHT ANSWER --regulate water balance
-regulate acid-base balance
-contributes to enzyme reactions
-essential to neuromuscular activity
Function of potassium - RIGHT ANSWER --assists in controlling cardiac rate and rhythm
-helps in conduction of nerve impulses
-skeletal muscle contraction
-function of smooth muscle
,-kidney is primary regulator
-sources of K+ from dietary fiber
functionf of Magnesium - RIGHT ANSWER --promotes enzyme reactions within the cell during
carbohydrate metabolism
-helps the body produce ad us ATP for energy
-takes part in protein synthesis
-influences vasodilation, helping the CV system function normally
-helps sodium and potassium ions cross the cell membrane
functions of calcium - RIGHT ANSWER --catalyst in transmission and conduction of nervi impulses
-stimulates contraction of skeletal, smooth and cardiac muscle
-maintains normal cellular perm.
-promotes coagulation of blood
-promotes absorption and utilization of vitamin B12
-promotes strong and durable bones and teeth
Functions of extracellular fluid - RIGHT ANSWER -1.transports
2. regulates heat
3. lubricates/cushions joints and membranes
4. hydrolyzes food
Functions of sodium - RIGHT ANSWER --stimulates conduction of nerve and muscle fiber
impulses
-primary regulator is kidney
-sources of sodium is through dietary intake
