LIMITED SCOPE OF RADIOGRAPHY 2025 LATEST UPDATED PRACTICE EXAM

LIMITED SCOPE OF RADIOGRAPHY 2025 LATEST UPDATED PRACTICE EXAM A change from the small focal spot to the large focal spot will result in - RIGHT ANSWER -decreased image sharpness (detail) a health care workers single best protection against disease is - RIGHT ANSWER -frequent hand washing a lateral projection of the face using detail screens tabletop (nongrid) is used to demonstrate the - RIGHT ANSWER -nasal bones a limited operator innocently commits an error as a result of following the orders of his or her employer, a physician. The employer may be held responsible according to the - RIGHT ANSWER -doctrine of respondeat superior a limited operator who does not change linens between patients is - RIGHT ANSWER -providing an opportunity for fomite transmission According to the Bergonie-Tribondeau law, the following types of cells are most radiosensitive - RIGHT ANSWER -embryonic tissue cells air-filled cavities located in some bones of the face and cranium are called: - RIGHT ANSWER -paranasal sinuses An increase in object-image receptor distance (OID) will result in - RIGHT ANSWER -increased magnification anterior position - RIGHT ANSWER -facing the film Are gonad shields - RIGHT ANSWER -Contact and shadow As a general rule, a grid should be employed when the part thickness is greater than - RIGHT ANSWER -12 cm At what kVp levels do Compton interactions occur - RIGHT ANSWER -they occur throughout the diagnostic radiology kVp range Breathing technique used to advantage when taking a lateral projection of the - RIGHT ANSWER -throacic spine communication has been "validated" when the speaker has - RIGHT ANSWER -received a response from the listener that demonstrates comprehension contrast - RIGHT ANSWER -visible differences between 2 selected areas of density levels within an image Contrast is primarily controlled by altering the - RIGHT ANSWER -kVp decubitus - RIGHT ANSWER -lying down with horizontal x-ray beam density - RIGHT ANSWER -degree of blackening or opacity of an image distance, as a method used to limit operator exposure, means that - RIGHT ANSWER -the operator should maximize the distance from the source during an exposure During digital image processing electronic collimation (masking) should not be used to replace - RIGHT ANSWER -proper radiographic collimation dynamic range - RIGHT ANSWER -range of exposures that may be captured by a detector Erythema as it relates to radiation exposure - RIGHT ANSWER -reddening of the skin caused by a high radiation dose gonad shielding should be used - RIGHT ANSWER -when the gonads are within 5 cm of the radiation field how can detector fog be prevented when using computed radiography cassettes - RIGHT ANSWER -protect the cassette before and after exposure how does filtration reduce patient exposure - RIGHT ANSWER -removes longer-wavelength photons how does the x-ray beam restriction minimize patient exposure - RIGHT ANSWER -it limits the radiation field to the area of interest How many vertebrae comprise of the throacic - RIGHT ANSWER -12 How many vertebral are located in the cervical region of the spine - RIGHT ANSWER -7 How much is the planter surface of the foot elevated from the IR for the AP oblique projection of the foot - RIGHT ANSWER -30 degrees how much should the central ray be angled cephalad for an AP axial projection of the chest if the patient cannot assume the lordotic position? - RIGHT ANSWER -15 degrees How often should lead aprons and gloves be checked for cracks or holes - RIGHT ANSWER -every 6 months How will the anode heel effect, if present, be seen on an image? - RIGHT ANSWER -the image will be lighter on the anode end than on the cathode end If the amount of irradiated tissue increases, what happens to scatter radiation fog - RIGHT ANSWER -scatter radiation fog increases If the radiographic image is overexposed, which of the following changes in exposure factors should be used to correct the problem - RIGHT ANSWER -decrease the mAs in chest radiography, which body habitus is best imaged by placing the 35 x 43 cm IR crosswise in the upright grid cabinet? - RIGHT ANSWER -hypersthenic lateral projections of the chest are taken with the left side against the IR because - RIGHT ANSWER -magnification of the cardiac silhouette is reduced with the left side neared the IR long scale contrast - RIGHT ANSWER -slight differences between densities but total number of densities are increased Marks, exposures, or images on a radiograph that are not a part of the intended image are called - RIGHT ANSWER -artifacts motion of the patient, the tube, or the IR during the exposure will result in decreased - RIGHT ANSWER -recorded detail Mrs. Elizabeth Dunbar is 86 years old and a bit confused. She is most likely to respond appropriately if you address her as - RIGHT ANSWER -Mrs. Dunbar Nearly all new x-ray machines manufactured today use _________________ generators - RIGHT ANSWER -High-frequency oblique position - RIGHT ANSWER -erect or lying down 45degree personnel shielding must be worn on the rare occasion during which the limited operator may need to remain in the radiographic room during an exposure to assist the patient in maintaining the proper position. What is the source of the greatest radiation hazard under this circumstance.? - RIGHT ANSWER -scattered radiation from the patient Poor film or screen contact is seen on a radiograph as a decrease in what radiographic quality factor - RIGHT ANSWER -recorded detail or spatial resolution position - RIGHT ANSWER -patients physical position posterior position - RIGHT ANSWER -facing the radiographic tube projection - RIGHT ANSWER -path of the central ray prone - RIGHT ANSWER -lying face downward Quantum mottle with a digital imaging system is caused by - RIGHT ANSWER -the mAs being set too low Radiation monitoring of personnel is required when what percentage of the annual occupational effective dose limit is likely to be received - RIGHT ANSWER -10% recorded detail - RIGHT ANSWER -sharpness of the structural lines as recorded in the image scale of contrast - RIGHT ANSWER -"gray scale" used in DR instead of "scale of contrast" Scatter radiation fog affects radiographic quality by causing - RIGHT ANSWER -decreased contrast shielding worn for personnel protection is designed to attenuate what source of exposure - RIGHT ANSWER -scatter radiation short scale contrast - RIGHT ANSWER -major differences between densities but the total number of densities are decreased Small, flat, oval bones in the region of the first metatarsophalangeal (MTP) joint are called the - RIGHT ANSWER -sesamoid bones standard precautions involve the use of barriers whenever contact is anticipated with - RIGHT ANSWER -blood, body fluids, mucous membranes supine - RIGHT ANSWER -lying on back Technique charts are based on patient part measurements obtained using an x-ray - RIGHT ANSWER -thickness in centimeters the acronym for a common type of personnel dosimeter - RIGHT ANSWER -TLD The anatomic name for the bone commonly known as the kneecap is the - RIGHT ANSWER -patella The bones of the forearm are the - RIGHT ANSWER -radius and ulna The bones of the forefoot include the - RIGHT ANSWER -Phalanges and metatarsals The bones of the midfoot are called the - RIGHT ANSWER -tarsals The bones that are located in the palm of the hand are called - RIGHT ANSWER -metacarpals The changes in kilovoltage (kVp) will result in the greatest reduction of patient dose, when milliampere-seconds (mAs) is adjusted to compensate for the change - RIGHT ANSWER -Increase kVp by 30% The conventional (British system) radiation unit to express radiation intensity in the air - RIGHT ANSWER -Roentgen The conventional (British system) unit commonly used to report occupational dose to radiation workers in the United States is the - RIGHT ANSWER -rem The following are correct statements of proper body mechanics - RIGHT ANSWER -use a broad stance carry heavy objects close to your body the following are true regarding informed consent - RIGHT ANSWER -informed consent may be revoked at any time the patient must be legally competent to sign The following changes will decrease patient dose - RIGHT ANSWER -using a faster-speed class imaging system increasing the grid ratio to a 16:1 ratio The following describes the proper method for positioning the humerus for an AP projection - RIGHT ANSWER -Upper limb abducted, elbow extended, humeral epicondyles parallel to the IR The following functions involve the autotransformer - RIGHT ANSWER -kVp selection The following image receptor (IR) system speeds will result in the lowest patient dose - RIGHT ANSWER -Faster speed IR system The following is not a component of a computed radiography plate reader - RIGHT ANSWER -developing solution the following is not a form of nonverbal communication - RIGHT ANSWER -speaking The following is not a type of personal radiation shielding - RIGHT ANSWER -Shadow The following is true regarding the correct positioning of the ankle for a lateral projection - RIGHT ANSWER -The central ray enters perpendicular to the medial malleolus The following is true regarding the lateral projection of the foot - RIGHT ANSWER -the ankle should be dorsiflexed so that the long axis so the foot is perpendicular to the tibia The following pathologic conditions would require a decrease in exposure - RIGHT ANSWER -multiple myeloma emphysema osteoporosis The following statements reflects current scientific opinion regarding the effects of diagnostic levels of ionizing radiation - RIGHT ANSWER -There is an increased risk of cancer, leukemia, birth defects, and cataracts The following vital signs can be assessed without touching the patient - RIGHT ANSWER -respiration The following will increase recorded detail - RIGHT ANSWER -increase in SID decrease in focal spot size The following will result in a screen or film image with low contrast - RIGHT ANSWER -IR exposure with a kVp higher than needed for the particular anatomic structures The following will result in a screen or film image with low density - RIGHT ANSWER -IR exposure with an mAs less than needed for the particular anatomic structures The following will result in an image with excessive distortion of anatomic structures - RIGHT ANSWER -Improper central ray angulation for the selected radiographic projection The following will result in an image with excessive magnification of image structures - RIGHT ANSWER -IR exposure at an OID greater than recommended for a particular body part The following will result in an image with poor recorded detail - RIGHT ANSWER -Patient motion The following will result in increased radiographic density - RIGHT ANSWER -increased mA increased exposure time increased kVp The following would be a violation of patient confidentiality - RIGHT ANSWER -a limited operator talks to his or her friend during lunch about a patients imaging procedure The four essentials elements required for x-ray production - RIGHT ANSWER -A target, a vacuum, an electron source, and a high potential difference the greatest cause of unnecessary radiation to patients that can be controlled by the limited operator is - RIGHT ANSWER -repeat exposures The greatest portion of the x-ray beam is made up of - RIGHT ANSWER -Bremsstrahlung radiation The guiding philosophy of radiation protection - RIGHT ANSWER -ALARA--as low as reasonably achievable the inferior lateral corners of the lungs, visible on a PA chest radiograph, are called the - RIGHT ANSWER -costophrenic angles the limited operator can reduce repeat exposure - RIGHT ANSWER -clearly instructing patients the most common site for palpation of a patients pulse - RIGHT ANSWER -Radial artery at the wrist the most effective and practical way to reduce scatter radiation fog on a radiograph is to - RIGHT ANSWER -use a grid or Bucky The National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements(NCRP) recommendation for the amount of total filtration - RIGHT ANSWER -2.5 mm Al equiv The NCRP (report #102) recommendation for lead equivalency of aprons used for personnel protection - RIGHT ANSWER -0.5 mm The NCRP recommended annual effective dose limit for occupational exposure - RIGHT ANSWER -5.0 rem (0.05 Sv) The NCRP recommended monthly effective (or equivalent) dose limit to the fetus for a pregnant worker - RIGHT ANSWER -0.05 rem (0.0005 Sv) The palpable portion at the distal end of the tibia is called the - RIGHT ANSWER -medial malleolus the patient is in a prone oblique position with the midsagittal plane of the head parallel to the ir and the interpupillary line perpendicular to the ir. the central ray is directed perpendicularly to enter 2 inches superior to the EAM. What projection of the cranium will be demonstrated on the radiograph? - RIGHT ANSWER -lateral The patient is position with the coronal plane of the body perpendicular to the IR, the midsagittal plane parallel to the IR, and the arm closest to the IR raised over the head. The central ray is perpendicular and centered to the level of c7-T1 interspace. what projection and anatomy will be demonstrated in this image? - RIGHT ANSWER -a lateral projection of the cervicothroacic the patient is positioned supine with the midsagittal plane and oml perpendicular to the ir. the central ray is angled 30 degrees caudad and enters the midsagittal plane at approximately 2.5 inches superior to the glabella. what projection will be imaged on the radiograph? - RIGHT ANSWER -ap axial (towne method) The penetrating power of the x-ray beam is controlled by varying the - RIGHT ANSWER -kilovoltage (kVp) The primary purpose of using gonad shields - RIGHT ANSWER -reduce the likelihood of genetic effects The principal source of scatter radiation in radiography - RIGHT ANSWER -The IR the process of reducing the probability that infectious organisms will be transmitted to a susceptible individual is called - RIGHT ANSWER -asepsis The relationship between SID and beam intensity is expressed in the - RIGHT ANSWER -inverse square law the screen or film image artifact looks like lightning - RIGHT ANSWER -static artifact The standard control limit for the beam (central ray) alignment tests - RIGHT ANSWER -within 1 degree of perpendicular The standard control limit for the field light to radiation field alignment test - RIGHT ANSWER -+-2% of SID The target of the x-ray tube is made of - RIGHT ANSWER -tungsten the term for radiation the escapes from the x-ray tube housing - RIGHT ANSWER -leakage radiation three lobes are present in which lungs? - RIGHT ANSWER -the right lung Three principal methods used to protect limited operators from unnecessary radiation exposure - RIGHT ANSWER -time, distance, and shielding Type of x-ray photon interaction with the body is primarily responsible for the radiation dose absorbed by the patient - RIGHT ANSWER -Photoelectric view - RIGHT ANSWER -radiograph or image What anatomic structures are best demonstrated by the posteroanterio (PA) oblique projection of the cervical spine? - RIGHT ANSWER -Intervertebral formina closer to the IR What anatomic structures of the cervical spine are best demonstrated by the lateral projection? - RIGHT ANSWER -Zygapophyseal joints What are the four primary factors of radiographic quality ( photographic and geometric properties) - RIGHT ANSWER -Density, contrast, distortion, and recorded detail What are the proper patient instructions for the AP projection of the shoulder? - RIGHT ANSWER -Stop breathing and do not move what are the proper patient instructions for the PA projection of the chest? - RIGHT ANSWER -stop breathing after second deep inspiration What change in technical factors is required when a wrist in a fiberglass cast must be radiographed? - RIGHT ANSWER -No change is required What change in technical factors is required when an ankle in a dry plaster cast must be radiographed? - RIGHT ANSWER -Increase mAs by two times What condition are most important for optimum viewing of a radiographic images - RIGHT ANSWER -low room light level What device(s) may be used to improve visualization of the spinous processes of the throacic spine on the lateral projection? - RIGHT ANSWER -a piece of lead placed behind the shadow of the patients back. What devise may help provide and even density on a radiograph of an anteroposterior (AP) axial projection of the foot - RIGHT ANSWER -wedge compensating filter What does quantum mottle(noise) look like on a radiographic image - RIGHT ANSWER -finely speckled or grainy areas What is anaphylaxis - RIGHT ANSWER -a severe allergic reaction What is the appearance of a high signal to noise ratio image - RIGHT ANSWER -highly detailed, with very little quantum mottle what is the basic life support system used to ventilate the lungs and circulate the blood in the event of cardiac or respiratory arrest - RIGHT ANSWER -CPR What is the center point of the central ray for the PA projection of the hand? - RIGHT ANSWER -Third metacarpophalangeal joint what is the central ray angle and direction for the AP axial projection of the sacrum - RIGHT ANSWER -15 degree cephalad What is the conventional (British system) radiation unit of absorbed dose - RIGHT ANSWER -Rad what is the device that allows the limited operator to vary the size of the radiation field - RIGHT ANSWER -collimator What is the IR that is used for computed radiography - RIGHT ANSWER -Photostimulable phosphor (PSP) plate what is the medical term for the bony sockets that house the eyes? - RIGHT ANSWER -orbits What is the name given to the distal end of the fibula - RIGHT ANSWER -Lateral malleolus What is the name of the large, rounded projection that can be felt on the superior lateral surface of the shoulder - RIGHT ANSWER -Acromion what is the name of the upper portion of the lung? - RIGHT ANSWER -apex What is the number of vertebrae in the normal lumbar spine - RIGHT ANSWER -5 What is the odontoid process and where is it located. - RIGHT ANSWER -A tooth projection on the superior surface of C2 What is the projection of the wrist for the PA oblique projection in lateral rotation - RIGHT ANSWER -Coronal plane of the wrist at a 45-degree angle to the IR with the anteromedial surface on the IR What is the proper central ray angle and direction for the AP oblique projections of the cervical spine? - RIGHT ANSWER -15 degrees cephalad What is the proper central ray angle and direction for the axial projection of the calcaneus when the ankle is dorsiflexed so that the plantar surface of the foot is perpendicular to the IR - RIGHT ANSWER -40 degrees cephalad what is the proper central ray angle and direction for the axiolateral projection of the mandible when the midsagittal plane of the head is angled 15 degrees toward the ir? - RIGHT ANSWER -10 degrees cephalad What is the proper method for storing unopened boxes of x-ray film - RIGHT ANSWER -standing on edge What is the proper patient position for an AP oblique projection of the cervical spine? - RIGHT ANSWER -45 degrees posterior oblique position What is the proper patient position for the AP projection of the forearm? - RIGHT ANSWER -Elbow extended, wrist and elbow parallel to the IR, hand supinated what is the proper placement of the arms for the upright lateral projection of the chest? - RIGHT ANSWER -arms raised over head, hands grasping opposite elbows what is the purpose of performing sinus radiography with the patient in the upright position? - RIGHT ANSWER -to demonstrate air/fluid levels what is the purpose of rotating the patient's shoulders anteriorly for the PA projection of the chest? - RIGHT ANSWER -this motion rotates the scapulae out of the lungs what is the purpose of the 72 inches SID used for chest radiography? - RIGHT ANSWER -minimizes magnification of the heart shadows What is the rationale for using a 72 inch SID for the lateral cervical spine? - RIGHT ANSWER -This SID helps to overcome the magnification caused by the increased OID of the position. What is the recommendation for a hard-copy image that is mislabeled - RIGHT ANSWER -A sticker with the correct information should be applied to the hard copy image What is the recommended placement for personnel dosimeter on the body of the limited operator - RIGHT ANSWER -the badge should be worn in the region of the collar on the anterior surface of the body and outside the lead apron, if worn What is true regarding spine radiography to evaluate scoliosis - RIGHT ANSWER -The IR should extend from the top of the patient's ear to the level of the greater trochanter What portion of the spine is commonaly called the tail bone? - RIGHT ANSWER -Coccyx what position is when patient is standing upright and is facing the board? - RIGHT ANSWER -posterioranterior (PA) what positioning accessory can be used to assist the patient in holding the correct position for an ap axial projection of the skull? - RIGHT ANSWER -a wedge sponge What specific anatomy is best demonstrated on the AP oblique projection of the lumbar spine if the patient is positioned in a 45 degree RPO position? - RIGHT ANSWER -Right zygapophyseal joints What specific anatomy is demonstrated without superimposition in the AP oblique projection in 45-degree lateral rotation? - RIGHT ANSWER -Radial head and capitulum what statements are correct regarding the link between radiation and genetic effects - RIGHT ANSWER -The link has been demonstrated in animal studies . Increased risk to humans cannot be predicted with respect to an individual. what structure separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominal cavity? - RIGHT ANSWER -the diaphragm what structure serves as the passageway for the spinal cord to exit the skull and pass into the spinal canal of the vertebral column? - RIGHT ANSWER -foramen magnum What structures should be seen on a lateral projection of the thoracic spine? - RIGHT ANSWER -T3 - T12 What tarsal is commonly referred to as the heel bone - RIGHT ANSWER -calcaneus what type of disease transmission is possible when the limited operator does not clean the Bucky device after performing an examination on a patient with influenza - RIGHT ANSWER -indirect contact or fomite transmission When a lateral projection of the knee is taken, flexion of the knee joint should be limited to 10 degrees when there is suspicion of - RIGHT ANSWER -a fracture of the patella when a patient in a cardiac arrest presents with a rapid, weak, and ineffective heartbeat, what device is used to return the heart to a normal rhythm - RIGHT ANSWER -AED When positioning maneuver is used to improve patient comfort and reduce the lordic curve of the lumbar spine when positioning a recumbent patient for an AP projection of the lumbar spine? - RIGHT ANSWER -flexing the knees and using a support under them When radiation exposure occurs during pregnancy, the greatest risk of birth defects occurs when the exposure - RIGHT ANSWER -exceeds 5 rad to the uterus occurs within the first trimester of pregnancy when taking a PA projection of the chest, the recommended SID is: - RIGHT ANSWER -72 inches when taking a posteroanterior (pa) axial projection (caldwell method) of the skull the central ray is directed: - RIGHT ANSWER -15 degrees caudad When taking an anteroposterior (AP) axial projection of the foot, the central ray is directed - RIGHT ANSWER -10 degress toward the heel when taking anteriorposterior (AP) axial projection of the cervical spine, the central ray is directed - RIGHT ANSWER -15 degrees cephaled when the ankle is flexed to raise the foot the movement is termed - RIGHT ANSWER -dorsiflexion When the leg is extended in the supine position, the ankle is maximally dorsiflexed and the central ray is directed 40 degrees cephalad through the planter surface of the foot the resulting imagine will demonstrate - RIGHT ANSWER -an axial projection of the calcaneus When the leg is extended the is dorsiflexed to form an angle of 90 degrees between the foot and leg, the leg is rotated medially approximately 15 degrees, and the central ray is perpendicular to the IR through the midpoint between the malleoli the resulting image will demonstrate - RIGHT ANSWER -the ankle mortise, especially the talofibular articulation When using a 30x35cm IR, where should the central ray enter the patient for an AP projection of the lumbar spine? - RIGHT ANSWER -at the level 11/2 inches superior to the iliac crest in the midline of the patient When using a 35x43 cm IR, where should the central ray enter the patient for an AP projection of the lumbar spine? - RIGHT ANSWER -At the level of the iliac crest in the midline of the patient When viewing a digital image on a monitor, how do you determine if the proper mAs was selected - RIGHT ANSWER -evaluate the exposure index value Where does the central ray enter the patient for the AP axial projection of the foot - RIGHT ANSWER -at the base of the third metatarsal where does the central ray enter the patient for the upright, PA projection of the chest? - RIGHT ANSWER -midsagittal plane at the level of T7 Where is the central ray entrance point for the AP projections of the shoulder - RIGHT ANSWER -1 inch medial and inferior to the coracoid process Where is the humerus located? - RIGHT ANSWER -In the upper portion of the arm Where should the central ray enter the patient for the AP projection of the ankle joint - RIGHT ANSWER -perpendicular to a point midway between the malleoli Where should the central ray enter the patient for the AP projection of the knee? - RIGHT ANSWER -0.5 inch below the apex of the patella Which bones are tarsal bones - RIGHT ANSWER -cuneiforms and cuboid which chest projection and position are needed to demonstrate free pleural fluid along the dependent chest wall? - RIGHT ANSWER -AP, lateral decubitus which cranial projection best demonstrates the occipital bone? - RIGHT ANSWER -anteroposterior (ap) axial (towne method) Which foot projection and position will demonstrate the cuboid, navicular, and lateral cuneiforms without superimposition - RIGHT ANSWER -AP oblique projection in 30-degree medial rotation Which foot projection and position will demonstrate the entire foot in near anatomic position - RIGHT ANSWER -AP axial projection with the plantar surface of the foot in contact with the IR Which foot projection and position will demonstrate the medial and intermediate cuneiforms without superimposition - RIGHT ANSWER -AP oblique projection in 30-degree lateral rotation Which foot projection will demonstrate the metatarsals(third-fifth) without superimposition - RIGHT ANSWER -AP oblique projection in 30-degree medial rotation which of following techniques is desirable for chest radiography? - RIGHT ANSWER -high kvp high ma and short exposure Which of the following are the bones that articulate to form the ankle mortise - RIGHT ANSWER -Talus, tibia, and fibula Which of the following are true regarding the correct position for an AP projection of the lower leg? - RIGHT ANSWER -1)The leg should be extended and resting on the IR 2)The ankle should be dorsiflexed so that the foot forms a 90-degree angle with the lower leg which of the following body positions will demonstrate the left zygapophyseal joints of the lumbar spine? - RIGHT ANSWER -45 degrees LPO Which of the following bones are in the hindfoot portion of the foot - RIGHT ANSWER -Calcaneus and Talus which of the following bones contain paranasal sinuses? - RIGHT ANSWER -frontal ethmoid which of the following cranial bones are paired (right and left) - RIGHT ANSWER -parietal temporal Which of the following describe the action of the developer in an automatic film processor - RIGHT ANSWER -changes the exposed silver halide crystals into black, metallic silver which of the following describe the importance of using an upright position for chest radiography? - RIGHT ANSWER -1. the upright position demonstrates air-fluid levels 2. the upright position allows maximum lung expansion 3. the upright position minimizes magnification of the heart which of the following organs are found within the mediastinum - RIGHT ANSWER -heart trachea which of the following projections is best for demonstration of the apices of the lungs without bony superimpostion? - RIGHT ANSWER -AP axial lordotic position which of the following projections will demonstrate the sphenoid sinus? - RIGHT ANSWER -lateral which paranasal sinuses are best demonstrated in the pa axial projection (caldwell method)? - RIGHT ANSWER -frontal 3. ethmoid which paranasal sinuses are demonstrated by the smv projection? - RIGHT ANSWER -sphenoid ethmoid which portion of the spine is made up of five verbrae and has a lordotic curve. - RIGHT ANSWER -Lumbar which projection best demonstrates the maxillary sinuses? - RIGHT ANSWER -parietoacanthial (waters method) which projection of the facial bones requires the central ray to exit the acanthion? - RIGHT ANSWER -parietoacanthial (waters method) Which projection of the lumbar spine demonstrates open intervertebral foramina? - RIGHT ANSWER -Lateral which projection will demonstrate all of the paranasal sinuses? - RIGHT ANSWER -lateral which radiographic baseline is used to position the pa axial projection (caldwell method) of the cranium? - RIGHT ANSWER -oml Which radiographic quality factor is most affected by angulation of the central ray, part, or IR - RIGHT ANSWER -Distortion Which surface of the ankle is placed in contact with the IR for the upright lateral projection of the ankle - RIGHT ANSWER -medial surface Which surface of the foot should be in contact with the IR for the recumbent lateral projection of the foot - RIGHT ANSWER -Lateral Which surface of the hand should be in contact with the IR for the lateral projection of the fifth digit(pinky) - RIGHT ANSWER -The medial surface Which surface of the hand should be in contact with the IR for the posteroanterior (PA) projection? - RIGHT ANSWER -Anterior(palmer) which vertbrae have special facets for articulatiuon with the ribs - RIGHT ANSWER -throacic why are limited operators prohibited from activities that result in direct exposure to the primary x-ray beam - RIGHT ANSWER -they are considered occupationally exposed individuals why is grid used for routine chest radiography? - RIGHT ANSWER -to reduce scatter fog caused by use of high kvp