Test Bank For Fundamentals Perspectives on the Art and Science of Canadian
Nursing David Gregory
1. A student nurse is reviewing the history of nursing in Canada and the
motivations of early nurses. Early Canadian nurses were most often
affiliated with which of the following?
A) Medical practitioners
B) Political alliances
C) Religious orders
D) Nongovernmental organizations
2. A group of nursing students are relating the contributions of Florence Nightingale to
current nursing practice. Which of the following statements best describes one of
Nightingale's contributions to the nursing profession?
A) “Nursing has always given women a venue in which to exercise independent,
critical thinking.”
B) “Surveys consistently show that nursing is seen as a respectable profession.”
C) “Nursing in Canada has roots in the Christian faith, but Nightingale was
instrumental in distancing the profession from religion.”
D) “Nursing is on an equal footing with the medical profession.”
3. Which of the following statements most accurately describes an aspect of men in
nursing during the early and mid-20th century?
A) Men were barred from applying to most Canadian nursing schools.
B) Male nurses were explicitly subservient to female nurses.
C) Men predominated in management and administrative nursing roles.
D) Males were expected to have education in medicine before entering the nursing
profession.
4. Societal factors brought about changes in the identity of nurses and of nursing practice
in the mid- to late 20th century. What factor had the most significant effect on nursing
practice during this period in the profession's history?
A) Economic challenges brought about by the end of World War II
B) Changes in the roles of women in Canadian society
C) The gradual reduction of the Roman Catholic Church's influence
D) Growing social acceptance of homosexuality and homosexuals
5. Canadian nurses contributed significantly to developing the concept of determinants of
health in the late 20th century. Which of the following statements best captures this
conceptualization of health?
A) Health is determined primarily by behaviours and choices rather than genetics.
B) Health is inherent to each individual and is not influenced by external factors.
C) Health is the result of a variety of factors in numerous different domains.
D) Health is determined mainly by an individual's lifestyle.
Page 1
, Test Bank For Fundamentals Perspectives on the Art and Science of Canadian
Nursing David Gregory
6. The future of nursing is being changed by factors in demographics, economics, science
and technology, family structures, and social and cultural issues. Which of the following
are factors that are currently affecting nursing? Select all that apply.
A) The incidence and prevalence of heart disease and diabetes are increasing.
B) Increasing numbers of Canadians are affected by mental illness.
C) The gap between rich and poor Canadians is increasing.
D) The proportion of younger Canadians is overtaking that of older Canadians.
E) Acute diseases are overtaking chronic diseases in prevalence.
7. A newly graduated nurse has identified a learning goal of becoming more skilled at
providing cultural safety when providing care. How can the nurse best achieve this
goal?
A) By collaborating with nurses from different cultures
B) By expanding language and communication skills
C) By identifying the weaknesses of the nurse's own culture
D) By acknowledging and addressing power imbalances
8. The nursing profession is responding to changing patterns of disease. Which of the
following scenarios best exemplifies these changes?
A) A traveler brings a new strain of an infectious disease to Canada.
B) A patient develops an opportunistic infection following elective surgery.
C) An infant fails to inherit antibodies from her mother after birth.
D) A student is infected by a classmate who has not been immunized.
9. A provincial nursing organization has taken action to address regional nursing shortage.
In what area is this shortage likely most acute?
A) In an Aboriginal community
B) In an inner city neighbourhood
C) In a region with a large population of older adults
D) In an area with a large transient population
10. A nursing student has identified the goal of acquiring more sophisticated nursing
knowledge that is grounded in the art and science of the profession. How can the nurse
best facilitate this goal?
A) By seeking frequent feedback from patients and their families
B) By regularly reviewing course content from nursing school
C) By engaging in frequent and thoughtful self-reflection
D) By seeking employment in various care settings
Page 2
, Test Bank For Fundamentals Perspectives on the Art and Science of Canadian
Nursing David Gregory
11. A nurse has been providing care for a patient for a series of shifts but has just recently
had an experience rooted in the aesthetics of nursing. This experience most likely
consisted of what?
A) A sudden awareness of the essential meaning of an interaction with the patient
B) An appreciation of the patient's psychosocial status based on a new disclosure from
the patient
C) An identification of the patient's pathophysiology based on new assessment data
D) An awareness of the correct course of action to take when giving the patient care
12. A nurse is providing care for a patient whose most recent computed tomography (CT)
scan reveals a tumor. The patient's children are adamant that the patient not be made
aware of any negative diagnostic findings. On which of the fundamental ways of
knowing will the nurse most need to draw?
A) Empirical
B) Personal
C) Ethical
D) Aesthetic
13. A patient has disclosed significant and personal details about her family life to the nurse
while the nurse provided the patient's morning hygiene. What components of the nurse–
patient relationship are evidenced in this scenario? Select all that apply.
A) Trust
B) Respect
C) Empathy
D) Power
E) Professional intimacy
14. The nurse is caring for a patient who has recently suffered a prenatal loss. How can the
nurse best foster empathy in the nurse–patient relationship?
A) The nurse tries to relate to the patient's experience by comparing it with her own
experiences.
B) The nurse seeks an understanding of the patient's situation through genuine
listening.
C) The nurse reassures the patient that she fully understands the challenges that the
patient is facing.
D) The nurse describes a similar situation that was faced by a previous patient.
15. A nurse has identified a need to enhance his empirical knowledge. What action will best
help the nurse achieve this goal?
A) Asking a colleague to hold him accountable for his learning
B) Journaling about his thoughts and feelings after a challenging clinical situation
C) Asking a recent patient to describe his experiences in the health-care system
D) Attending an in-service on new developments in the treatment of renal failure
Page 3
, Test Bank For Fundamentals Perspectives on the Art and Science of Canadian
Nursing David Gregory
Answer Key
1. C
2. B
3. A
4. B
5. C
6. A, B, C
7. D
8. A
9. A
10. C
11. A
12. C
13. A, D, E
14. B
15. D
1. The nurse is planning the care of a patient who has been diagnosed with a heart valve
infection that has been attributed to intravenous heroin use. When applying a
socioenvironmental approach to this patient's care, what question should guide the
nurse's assessment?
A) “What are the characteristics of this patient's health status that made him
vulnerable to illness?”
B) “What could this patient have done differently in order to protect his health?”
C) “Is this patient's illness the result of society, or is he personally responsible for it?”
D) “How did this patient's behaviours intersect with external factors and influence his
health?”
2. The nurse is working with a patient with poorly controlled diabetes. The patient tells the
nurse that he knows he should monitor his blood glucose levels more frequently but that
he does so sporadically. When applying a socioenvironmental approach to planning the
patient's care, what should the nurse identify?
A) The contextual factors that may have influenced the patient's actions
B) The patient's understanding of the pathophysiology of diabetes
C) The patient's beliefs around the negative health effects of high blood glucose
D) The individuals who most strongly influence the patient's health choices
Page 4
Nursing David Gregory
1. A student nurse is reviewing the history of nursing in Canada and the
motivations of early nurses. Early Canadian nurses were most often
affiliated with which of the following?
A) Medical practitioners
B) Political alliances
C) Religious orders
D) Nongovernmental organizations
2. A group of nursing students are relating the contributions of Florence Nightingale to
current nursing practice. Which of the following statements best describes one of
Nightingale's contributions to the nursing profession?
A) “Nursing has always given women a venue in which to exercise independent,
critical thinking.”
B) “Surveys consistently show that nursing is seen as a respectable profession.”
C) “Nursing in Canada has roots in the Christian faith, but Nightingale was
instrumental in distancing the profession from religion.”
D) “Nursing is on an equal footing with the medical profession.”
3. Which of the following statements most accurately describes an aspect of men in
nursing during the early and mid-20th century?
A) Men were barred from applying to most Canadian nursing schools.
B) Male nurses were explicitly subservient to female nurses.
C) Men predominated in management and administrative nursing roles.
D) Males were expected to have education in medicine before entering the nursing
profession.
4. Societal factors brought about changes in the identity of nurses and of nursing practice
in the mid- to late 20th century. What factor had the most significant effect on nursing
practice during this period in the profession's history?
A) Economic challenges brought about by the end of World War II
B) Changes in the roles of women in Canadian society
C) The gradual reduction of the Roman Catholic Church's influence
D) Growing social acceptance of homosexuality and homosexuals
5. Canadian nurses contributed significantly to developing the concept of determinants of
health in the late 20th century. Which of the following statements best captures this
conceptualization of health?
A) Health is determined primarily by behaviours and choices rather than genetics.
B) Health is inherent to each individual and is not influenced by external factors.
C) Health is the result of a variety of factors in numerous different domains.
D) Health is determined mainly by an individual's lifestyle.
Page 1
, Test Bank For Fundamentals Perspectives on the Art and Science of Canadian
Nursing David Gregory
6. The future of nursing is being changed by factors in demographics, economics, science
and technology, family structures, and social and cultural issues. Which of the following
are factors that are currently affecting nursing? Select all that apply.
A) The incidence and prevalence of heart disease and diabetes are increasing.
B) Increasing numbers of Canadians are affected by mental illness.
C) The gap between rich and poor Canadians is increasing.
D) The proportion of younger Canadians is overtaking that of older Canadians.
E) Acute diseases are overtaking chronic diseases in prevalence.
7. A newly graduated nurse has identified a learning goal of becoming more skilled at
providing cultural safety when providing care. How can the nurse best achieve this
goal?
A) By collaborating with nurses from different cultures
B) By expanding language and communication skills
C) By identifying the weaknesses of the nurse's own culture
D) By acknowledging and addressing power imbalances
8. The nursing profession is responding to changing patterns of disease. Which of the
following scenarios best exemplifies these changes?
A) A traveler brings a new strain of an infectious disease to Canada.
B) A patient develops an opportunistic infection following elective surgery.
C) An infant fails to inherit antibodies from her mother after birth.
D) A student is infected by a classmate who has not been immunized.
9. A provincial nursing organization has taken action to address regional nursing shortage.
In what area is this shortage likely most acute?
A) In an Aboriginal community
B) In an inner city neighbourhood
C) In a region with a large population of older adults
D) In an area with a large transient population
10. A nursing student has identified the goal of acquiring more sophisticated nursing
knowledge that is grounded in the art and science of the profession. How can the nurse
best facilitate this goal?
A) By seeking frequent feedback from patients and their families
B) By regularly reviewing course content from nursing school
C) By engaging in frequent and thoughtful self-reflection
D) By seeking employment in various care settings
Page 2
, Test Bank For Fundamentals Perspectives on the Art and Science of Canadian
Nursing David Gregory
11. A nurse has been providing care for a patient for a series of shifts but has just recently
had an experience rooted in the aesthetics of nursing. This experience most likely
consisted of what?
A) A sudden awareness of the essential meaning of an interaction with the patient
B) An appreciation of the patient's psychosocial status based on a new disclosure from
the patient
C) An identification of the patient's pathophysiology based on new assessment data
D) An awareness of the correct course of action to take when giving the patient care
12. A nurse is providing care for a patient whose most recent computed tomography (CT)
scan reveals a tumor. The patient's children are adamant that the patient not be made
aware of any negative diagnostic findings. On which of the fundamental ways of
knowing will the nurse most need to draw?
A) Empirical
B) Personal
C) Ethical
D) Aesthetic
13. A patient has disclosed significant and personal details about her family life to the nurse
while the nurse provided the patient's morning hygiene. What components of the nurse–
patient relationship are evidenced in this scenario? Select all that apply.
A) Trust
B) Respect
C) Empathy
D) Power
E) Professional intimacy
14. The nurse is caring for a patient who has recently suffered a prenatal loss. How can the
nurse best foster empathy in the nurse–patient relationship?
A) The nurse tries to relate to the patient's experience by comparing it with her own
experiences.
B) The nurse seeks an understanding of the patient's situation through genuine
listening.
C) The nurse reassures the patient that she fully understands the challenges that the
patient is facing.
D) The nurse describes a similar situation that was faced by a previous patient.
15. A nurse has identified a need to enhance his empirical knowledge. What action will best
help the nurse achieve this goal?
A) Asking a colleague to hold him accountable for his learning
B) Journaling about his thoughts and feelings after a challenging clinical situation
C) Asking a recent patient to describe his experiences in the health-care system
D) Attending an in-service on new developments in the treatment of renal failure
Page 3
, Test Bank For Fundamentals Perspectives on the Art and Science of Canadian
Nursing David Gregory
Answer Key
1. C
2. B
3. A
4. B
5. C
6. A, B, C
7. D
8. A
9. A
10. C
11. A
12. C
13. A, D, E
14. B
15. D
1. The nurse is planning the care of a patient who has been diagnosed with a heart valve
infection that has been attributed to intravenous heroin use. When applying a
socioenvironmental approach to this patient's care, what question should guide the
nurse's assessment?
A) “What are the characteristics of this patient's health status that made him
vulnerable to illness?”
B) “What could this patient have done differently in order to protect his health?”
C) “Is this patient's illness the result of society, or is he personally responsible for it?”
D) “How did this patient's behaviours intersect with external factors and influence his
health?”
2. The nurse is working with a patient with poorly controlled diabetes. The patient tells the
nurse that he knows he should monitor his blood glucose levels more frequently but that
he does so sporadically. When applying a socioenvironmental approach to planning the
patient's care, what should the nurse identify?
A) The contextual factors that may have influenced the patient's actions
B) The patient's understanding of the pathophysiology of diabetes
C) The patient's beliefs around the negative health effects of high blood glucose
D) The individuals who most strongly influence the patient's health choices
Page 4
