SX Rotation Final Test With Correct Solutions
What is the goal of biological healing? - ANSWER align fx while minimally disrupting
surrounding extraosseous blood suppply
Passive vs Active drains - ANSWER passive (Penrose) rely on gravity/body
movement/pressure differentials
active (Jackson-Pratt) collect into a reservoir with negative pressure
What would qualify as improper drain placement? - ANSWER vascular damage,
spread of neoplastic cells,
infection,
dehiscence,
blockage,
elyte imbalance,
pneumothorax
Why are active drains preferred over passive drains? - ANSWER decreased risk of
ascending infection & skin excoriation, & accurate assesment of fluid vol
What does brachycephalic airway syndrome include? - ANSWER stenotic nares,
elongated soft palate,
laryngeal collapse,
everted laryngeal saccules,
tracheal collapse/hypoplasia
A 5yr MI Bulldog presents for increased resp effort & exercise intolerance. Oh by the
way, he snores ALL the time - worse than his dad. What is your dx? - ANSWER
brachycephalic airway syndrome
long term needs surgery to correct abnormalities
A 12yr FS Lab presents with lethargy, coughing, and dysnpea. Thoracic rads show a
mass in the right caudal lung lobe. What is this mass most likely given your knowledge of
primary lung tumors? - ANSWER bronchoalveolar carcinoma/adenocarcinoma (>95% of
primary lung tumors)
What are positive prognositc indicators when dealing with primary lung tumors? -
,ANSWER well differentiated tumors,
no LN involvement,
single mass,
no preop C/S
T/F: During surgery for a lung lobe torsion, you rotate the lung before removal. -
ANSWER FALSE - lung lobectomy without derotation
How much of the adult trachea can be resected? - ANSWER up to 50%
T/F: Pneumothorax is always a surgical emergency. - ANSWER FALSE - most will resolve
w/o sx
What are indications for diaphagmatic hernia surgery? - ANSWER gastric herniation,
unable to stabilize resp status,
uncontrollable pain/hemorrhage
What is the etiology of a PRAA & what does it lead to? - ANSWER aorta develops from
right 4th aortic arch instead of left 4th AA,
rings form w/ MPA & ligamentum arteriosum which entraps esophagus & trachea ->
megaesophagus
How would you repair a PRAA? - ANSWER left 4th intercostal thoracotomy,
ligate & divide ligamentum arteriosum,
pass esophageal tube to ensure esophageal compression is relieved,
remove fibrous adhesion bands (MOST IMPORTANT PART!!)
What are the 2 most common thoracic wall tumors? - ANSWER osteosarc & chondrosarc
incisional bx w/ en block excision
Which type of PDA is shunt closure indicated? - ANSWER left-right (most common type)
What are the 2 treatment options for a PDA? - ANSWER thrombogenic coil placement:
femoral a. cath w/ multiple coils across PDA.
surgical closure: ligation via left 4th intercostal thoractomy
What are the landmarks to ligate a PDA? - ANSWER vagus n.
phenic n.
palpable thrill
, What is the most common cardiac tumor? - ANSWER right auricular hemangiosarcoma
What vessel must be preserved when performing a splenectomy? - ANSWER branches
to pancreas
What are indications for a liver lobectomy? - ANSWER hepatic neoplasia,
solitary hepatic abscess (rare),
liver lobe torsion (rare),
truama w/ uncontrollable hemorrhage or biliary leakage
Which liver lobe is the easiset to remove? - ANSWER left lateral or left medial
How much of the liver can be removed at one time? - ANSWER <70%
What is a portosystemic shunt? - ANSWER anomalous vessel that allows portal blood to
bypass the liver
Extrahepatic PSS - ANSWER small dogs (small dogs are extra),
portocaval, portoazygos,
excellent prognosis
Intrahepatic PSS - ANSWER large dogs (Irish wolfhounds, Goldens, Australian cattle
dogs),
okay prognosis (60% survive 1yr)
What is appropriate med mgt for PSS (also indicated to do prior to sx)? - ANSWER low
protein diet,
lactulose,
ABX,
anti-convulsant meds (Keppra)
What complications are associated with PSS repair? - ANSWER hemorrhage,
portal hypertension,
hepatic encephalopathy,
seizures,
persistent shunting/acquired multiple extrahepatic shunts
What is the most common benign oral tumor and what is its origin? - ANSWER epulides
originates from periodontal ligament or odontogenic epithelium
What is the goal of biological healing? - ANSWER align fx while minimally disrupting
surrounding extraosseous blood suppply
Passive vs Active drains - ANSWER passive (Penrose) rely on gravity/body
movement/pressure differentials
active (Jackson-Pratt) collect into a reservoir with negative pressure
What would qualify as improper drain placement? - ANSWER vascular damage,
spread of neoplastic cells,
infection,
dehiscence,
blockage,
elyte imbalance,
pneumothorax
Why are active drains preferred over passive drains? - ANSWER decreased risk of
ascending infection & skin excoriation, & accurate assesment of fluid vol
What does brachycephalic airway syndrome include? - ANSWER stenotic nares,
elongated soft palate,
laryngeal collapse,
everted laryngeal saccules,
tracheal collapse/hypoplasia
A 5yr MI Bulldog presents for increased resp effort & exercise intolerance. Oh by the
way, he snores ALL the time - worse than his dad. What is your dx? - ANSWER
brachycephalic airway syndrome
long term needs surgery to correct abnormalities
A 12yr FS Lab presents with lethargy, coughing, and dysnpea. Thoracic rads show a
mass in the right caudal lung lobe. What is this mass most likely given your knowledge of
primary lung tumors? - ANSWER bronchoalveolar carcinoma/adenocarcinoma (>95% of
primary lung tumors)
What are positive prognositc indicators when dealing with primary lung tumors? -
,ANSWER well differentiated tumors,
no LN involvement,
single mass,
no preop C/S
T/F: During surgery for a lung lobe torsion, you rotate the lung before removal. -
ANSWER FALSE - lung lobectomy without derotation
How much of the adult trachea can be resected? - ANSWER up to 50%
T/F: Pneumothorax is always a surgical emergency. - ANSWER FALSE - most will resolve
w/o sx
What are indications for diaphagmatic hernia surgery? - ANSWER gastric herniation,
unable to stabilize resp status,
uncontrollable pain/hemorrhage
What is the etiology of a PRAA & what does it lead to? - ANSWER aorta develops from
right 4th aortic arch instead of left 4th AA,
rings form w/ MPA & ligamentum arteriosum which entraps esophagus & trachea ->
megaesophagus
How would you repair a PRAA? - ANSWER left 4th intercostal thoracotomy,
ligate & divide ligamentum arteriosum,
pass esophageal tube to ensure esophageal compression is relieved,
remove fibrous adhesion bands (MOST IMPORTANT PART!!)
What are the 2 most common thoracic wall tumors? - ANSWER osteosarc & chondrosarc
incisional bx w/ en block excision
Which type of PDA is shunt closure indicated? - ANSWER left-right (most common type)
What are the 2 treatment options for a PDA? - ANSWER thrombogenic coil placement:
femoral a. cath w/ multiple coils across PDA.
surgical closure: ligation via left 4th intercostal thoractomy
What are the landmarks to ligate a PDA? - ANSWER vagus n.
phenic n.
palpable thrill
, What is the most common cardiac tumor? - ANSWER right auricular hemangiosarcoma
What vessel must be preserved when performing a splenectomy? - ANSWER branches
to pancreas
What are indications for a liver lobectomy? - ANSWER hepatic neoplasia,
solitary hepatic abscess (rare),
liver lobe torsion (rare),
truama w/ uncontrollable hemorrhage or biliary leakage
Which liver lobe is the easiset to remove? - ANSWER left lateral or left medial
How much of the liver can be removed at one time? - ANSWER <70%
What is a portosystemic shunt? - ANSWER anomalous vessel that allows portal blood to
bypass the liver
Extrahepatic PSS - ANSWER small dogs (small dogs are extra),
portocaval, portoazygos,
excellent prognosis
Intrahepatic PSS - ANSWER large dogs (Irish wolfhounds, Goldens, Australian cattle
dogs),
okay prognosis (60% survive 1yr)
What is appropriate med mgt for PSS (also indicated to do prior to sx)? - ANSWER low
protein diet,
lactulose,
ABX,
anti-convulsant meds (Keppra)
What complications are associated with PSS repair? - ANSWER hemorrhage,
portal hypertension,
hepatic encephalopathy,
seizures,
persistent shunting/acquired multiple extrahepatic shunts
What is the most common benign oral tumor and what is its origin? - ANSWER epulides
originates from periodontal ligament or odontogenic epithelium
