Equine SX- Foals Test With Complete Solutions
Why is there an opening of the guttural pouch in the nasopharynx? - ANSWER Helps with
pressure equalization
(like gills on the fish)
What is guttural pouch tympany? - ANSWER When the guttural pouches fill up with air
that can't escape
What age range and sex does guttural pouch tympany usually occur in? - ANSWER
-Horses < 1 year old
-Fillies more common than colts
What causes guttural pouch tympany? - ANSWER -Unknown cause
-Something causes the opening to become a one way valve
-Only happens in foals, not adults
What augments guttural pouch tympany? - ANSWER -Upper airway infection: flaps act
like glue for bacteria
-Persistent coughing: open with coughing and fill up
-Muscle dysfunction: flaps can't open
Which breeds may have a genetic component to guttural pouch tympany? - ANSWER
Arabians and Warmbloods
What are the clinical signs of guttural pouch tympany? - ANSWER -Air swelling of
parotid region/viborg's triangle
-Unilateral > bilateral
-Compression of the surrounding structures
-Respiratory noise
-Nasal discharge
-Dyspnea
-Dysphagia
-Possibly concurrent pneumonia
How is guttural pouch tympany diagnosed? - ANSWER -Clinical signs
, -Endoscopy
-Radiographs
-Response to needle decompression: will fill back up
What is a fluid line on radiographs of the guttural pouches? - ANSWER When milk or
exudate fills the guttural pouch --> compression of the trachea and esophagus
How is guttural pouch tympany treated? - ANSWER -Septum fenestration so R and L
communicate
-Resection of inner mucosal flap of one guttural pouch opening
-Modified whitehouse incision below linguofacial vein
-Transendoscopic laser
What are the 3 landmarks of Viborg's triangle? - ANSWER -Angle of the mandible
-Linguofacial vein
-Tendon of sternocephalicus
Does guttural pouch tympany affect a foals future abilities? - ANSWER Not at all!
What are the 3 types of laser (light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation)? -
ANSWER -CO2: best, least damage, but won't fit in the endoscope
-ND-YAG: more damage, but can fit through endoscope
-Diode: more damage, but can fit through endoscope
What does WYSIWYG in reference to lasers? - ANSWER -"What you see is what you get"
-Occurs with CO2 lasers, but not YAG or diode lasers
-May get damage beyond the initial location
-Depends on the wavelength used
What is the purpose of resection of the inner mucosal flap of the guttural pouch
opening? - ANSWER Makes the internal lip ineffective, so the opening can't close
What are the two parts of the inner valve of the guttural pouch opening and which
should be cut for tympany treatment? - ANSWER -Axial/medial: thick, cord like plica
salpingopharyngeus
-Abaxial/lateral: tensor and levator veli palatini muscles (cut this)
Do you need to resect tissue from both guttural pouch openings to treat guttural pouch
tympany? - ANSWER No, once median septum is fenestrated with 3x3cm holes, both
Why is there an opening of the guttural pouch in the nasopharynx? - ANSWER Helps with
pressure equalization
(like gills on the fish)
What is guttural pouch tympany? - ANSWER When the guttural pouches fill up with air
that can't escape
What age range and sex does guttural pouch tympany usually occur in? - ANSWER
-Horses < 1 year old
-Fillies more common than colts
What causes guttural pouch tympany? - ANSWER -Unknown cause
-Something causes the opening to become a one way valve
-Only happens in foals, not adults
What augments guttural pouch tympany? - ANSWER -Upper airway infection: flaps act
like glue for bacteria
-Persistent coughing: open with coughing and fill up
-Muscle dysfunction: flaps can't open
Which breeds may have a genetic component to guttural pouch tympany? - ANSWER
Arabians and Warmbloods
What are the clinical signs of guttural pouch tympany? - ANSWER -Air swelling of
parotid region/viborg's triangle
-Unilateral > bilateral
-Compression of the surrounding structures
-Respiratory noise
-Nasal discharge
-Dyspnea
-Dysphagia
-Possibly concurrent pneumonia
How is guttural pouch tympany diagnosed? - ANSWER -Clinical signs
, -Endoscopy
-Radiographs
-Response to needle decompression: will fill back up
What is a fluid line on radiographs of the guttural pouches? - ANSWER When milk or
exudate fills the guttural pouch --> compression of the trachea and esophagus
How is guttural pouch tympany treated? - ANSWER -Septum fenestration so R and L
communicate
-Resection of inner mucosal flap of one guttural pouch opening
-Modified whitehouse incision below linguofacial vein
-Transendoscopic laser
What are the 3 landmarks of Viborg's triangle? - ANSWER -Angle of the mandible
-Linguofacial vein
-Tendon of sternocephalicus
Does guttural pouch tympany affect a foals future abilities? - ANSWER Not at all!
What are the 3 types of laser (light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation)? -
ANSWER -CO2: best, least damage, but won't fit in the endoscope
-ND-YAG: more damage, but can fit through endoscope
-Diode: more damage, but can fit through endoscope
What does WYSIWYG in reference to lasers? - ANSWER -"What you see is what you get"
-Occurs with CO2 lasers, but not YAG or diode lasers
-May get damage beyond the initial location
-Depends on the wavelength used
What is the purpose of resection of the inner mucosal flap of the guttural pouch
opening? - ANSWER Makes the internal lip ineffective, so the opening can't close
What are the two parts of the inner valve of the guttural pouch opening and which
should be cut for tympany treatment? - ANSWER -Axial/medial: thick, cord like plica
salpingopharyngeus
-Abaxial/lateral: tensor and levator veli palatini muscles (cut this)
Do you need to resect tissue from both guttural pouch openings to treat guttural pouch
tympany? - ANSWER No, once median septum is fenestrated with 3x3cm holes, both
