ISSA NUTRITIONIST EXAM QUESTIONS
WITH 100% CORRECT ANSWERS
Columnar - ANSWER-Rectangular-shaped epithelial cells that secrete and absorb in
basal layer
Simple Epithelial Cells - ANSWER-Single layer of cells
Stratified Epithelial Cells - ANSWER-Multiple layers of cells
Transitional Epithelium - ANSWER-Epithelial cells that can change shape of stretch
Glandular Epithelium - ANSWER-Epithelial cells secreting specific water-based fluid,
often containing proteins (breast milk, saliva, hormones)
Connective Tissue - ANSWER-Tissue supporting, binding, or connecting other tissues
in the body
Loose connective tissue - ANSWER-Made of collagen, elastin, and reticular fibers, and
it holds organs in place
Dense connective tissue - ANSWER-Made of collagen, elastin, and reticular fibers, and
makes up tendons and ligaments.
3 types of muscle tissue - ANSWER-skeletal, cardiac, and smooth
Skeletal Muscle - ANSWER-muscle fibers responsible for voluntary contraction
Smooth muscle - ANSWER-muscle fibers responsible for involuntary muscle contraction
in the orgqn systems
Cardiac Muscle - ANSWER-Muscle found only in the heart and contains branched and
striated muscle fibers
Striated muscle fibers - ANSWER-muscle fibers having contractile units running parallel,
appearing striped on a microscope
Nervous tissue - ANSWER-The cells of the nervous system controlling body movement
and body functions
Nerve cells - ANSWER-the neurons transmitting nerve signals
Neurological cells - ANSWER-nervous tissue found largely in the CNS that forms
myelin, protects and supports neurons, and maintains homeostasis
,Efferent Nerves - ANSWER-Neve cells carrying a signal from the brain to the body
Afferent Nerves - ANSWER-Nerve cells that carry a signal from the body to the brain
Central Nervous system - ANSWER-The brain and spinal cord
Peripheral nervous system - ANSWER-The nervous system outside the brain and spinal
cord
11 major organ systems - ANSWER-Digestive
muscular
integumentary
lymphatic
endocrine
nervous
skeletal
reproductive
respiratory
urinary
circulatory
Integumentary system - ANSWER-Organ system protecting the body; composed of hair,
skin, and nails
3 layers of the skin - ANSWER-epidermis, dermis, hypodermis or subcutaneous layer
Epidermis - ANSWER-the external layer of skin creating a waterproof barrier and giving
the skin its physical tone
Dermis - ANSWER-the skin layer below the epidermis containing hair follicles,
connective tissue, sweat glands, blood vessels, and lymph vessels
Hypodermis - ANSWER-the third skin layer made up of adipose and connective tissue
Subcutaneous layer - ANSWER-the skin layer serving to insulate; technically part of the
hypodermal layer
Muscular System - ANSWER-The collection of the muscle fibers throughout the body
with the main function of contractability
3 muscle tissue types - ANSWER-Cardiac, smooth, skeletal
Smooth muscle - ANSWER-Involuntary muscle found in all hollow organs
Skeletal muscle - ANSWER-Voluntary muscle that can be trained with physical activity
,Vertebrates - ANSWER-Animals with a vertebral column or spine
Skeletal system function - ANSWER-provides a framework to protect the soft organs
inside the body and protect nervous system components, including the brain and spinal
cord, from damage.
Axial skeleton - ANSWER-made up 80 bones in the human and includes the bones of
the vertical axis of the body, such as the sternum, cranium, and vertebral column
Appendicular skeleton - ANSWER-Made up of 126 bones and includes the bones of the
appendages attaching to the axial skeleton
Bone Marrow - ANSWER-Generates stem cells and produces red blood cells
Spongy Bone - ANSWER-Porous and highly vascular bone near the ends of the long
bones
Compact bone - ANSWER-dense, hard bone providing structure
Medullary cavity - ANSWER-The central cavity through the bone shaft storing bone
marrow and is known as the marrow cavity
Periosteum - ANSWER-The vascular connective tissue layer covering bones except for
the surfaces of the joints
Nervous System - ANSWER-allows the body to communicate with, control, and regulate
the other organ systems for proper body function
Interneurons - ANSWER-A neuron with its cells body, axon, and dendrites located
entirely within the CNS and helps transmit impulses between neurons
Somatic Nervous System - ANSWER-carries impulses to and from the skeletal muscle,
through the spinal cord, and to or from the brain, which allows the body to react to the
external environment
Autonomic Nervous System - ANSWER-Involuntary and controls the internal organs,
including the heart and lungs as well as glands
Circulatory system - ANSWER-An organ system consisting of the heart, blood vessels,
and blood. Transports oxygen from the lungs to the body tissues and metabolic waste,
in the form of CO2, in the opposite direction
Arteries - ANSWER-Blood vessels carrying oxygenated blood away from the heart and
to the tissues
, Veins - ANSWER-Blood vessels carrying blood toward the heart to remove waste and
pick up more oxygen
Capillaries - ANSWER-Fine-branching blood vessels forming a network between the
arterioles and venules, where transport of nutrients and oxygen or CO2 occurs on a
microscopic scale
Lymphatic system - ANSWER-The organ system working in conjunction with the
circulatory system and immune system to prevent disease and maintain fluid balance,
Filter excess fluid from the space between cells (interstitial space), and absorbs fats and
fat-soluble vitamins from the digestive system
Lymph nodes - ANSWER-Lymphatic organs that filter and remove foreign particles
Lymphocytes - ANSWER-lymphatic bodies within lymph nodes that consume foreign
bodies
Interstitial Space - ANSWER-The space between cells.
Respiratory System - ANSWER-The organ system responsible for respiration--internal
and external-- and gas exchange
Internal Respiration - ANSWER-The exchange of gases between blood and tissues
Cellular Metabolism - ANSWER-The use fo oxygen within cells for specific activities
Ventilation - ANSWER-Breathing; inhalation and exhalation
Endocrine System - ANSWER-The organ system producing, releasing, and controlling
hormones
Hormones - ANSWER-Chemical messengers in the body affecting growth,
development, and metabolic activities
Exocrine glands - ANSWER-Glands of the endocrine system that have ducts carrying
secretions to the surface
Endocrine glands - ANSWER-Ductless glands of the endocrine system with secretions
moving directly into the bloodstream to be carried throughout the body
Urinary System - ANSWER-The organ system producing, storing, and eliminating fluid
or urine. Specific organs include the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra
Reproductive System - ANSWER-Has four major functions:
1. Produce sperm and ova
2. Transport and sustain sperm and ova
WITH 100% CORRECT ANSWERS
Columnar - ANSWER-Rectangular-shaped epithelial cells that secrete and absorb in
basal layer
Simple Epithelial Cells - ANSWER-Single layer of cells
Stratified Epithelial Cells - ANSWER-Multiple layers of cells
Transitional Epithelium - ANSWER-Epithelial cells that can change shape of stretch
Glandular Epithelium - ANSWER-Epithelial cells secreting specific water-based fluid,
often containing proteins (breast milk, saliva, hormones)
Connective Tissue - ANSWER-Tissue supporting, binding, or connecting other tissues
in the body
Loose connective tissue - ANSWER-Made of collagen, elastin, and reticular fibers, and
it holds organs in place
Dense connective tissue - ANSWER-Made of collagen, elastin, and reticular fibers, and
makes up tendons and ligaments.
3 types of muscle tissue - ANSWER-skeletal, cardiac, and smooth
Skeletal Muscle - ANSWER-muscle fibers responsible for voluntary contraction
Smooth muscle - ANSWER-muscle fibers responsible for involuntary muscle contraction
in the orgqn systems
Cardiac Muscle - ANSWER-Muscle found only in the heart and contains branched and
striated muscle fibers
Striated muscle fibers - ANSWER-muscle fibers having contractile units running parallel,
appearing striped on a microscope
Nervous tissue - ANSWER-The cells of the nervous system controlling body movement
and body functions
Nerve cells - ANSWER-the neurons transmitting nerve signals
Neurological cells - ANSWER-nervous tissue found largely in the CNS that forms
myelin, protects and supports neurons, and maintains homeostasis
,Efferent Nerves - ANSWER-Neve cells carrying a signal from the brain to the body
Afferent Nerves - ANSWER-Nerve cells that carry a signal from the body to the brain
Central Nervous system - ANSWER-The brain and spinal cord
Peripheral nervous system - ANSWER-The nervous system outside the brain and spinal
cord
11 major organ systems - ANSWER-Digestive
muscular
integumentary
lymphatic
endocrine
nervous
skeletal
reproductive
respiratory
urinary
circulatory
Integumentary system - ANSWER-Organ system protecting the body; composed of hair,
skin, and nails
3 layers of the skin - ANSWER-epidermis, dermis, hypodermis or subcutaneous layer
Epidermis - ANSWER-the external layer of skin creating a waterproof barrier and giving
the skin its physical tone
Dermis - ANSWER-the skin layer below the epidermis containing hair follicles,
connective tissue, sweat glands, blood vessels, and lymph vessels
Hypodermis - ANSWER-the third skin layer made up of adipose and connective tissue
Subcutaneous layer - ANSWER-the skin layer serving to insulate; technically part of the
hypodermal layer
Muscular System - ANSWER-The collection of the muscle fibers throughout the body
with the main function of contractability
3 muscle tissue types - ANSWER-Cardiac, smooth, skeletal
Smooth muscle - ANSWER-Involuntary muscle found in all hollow organs
Skeletal muscle - ANSWER-Voluntary muscle that can be trained with physical activity
,Vertebrates - ANSWER-Animals with a vertebral column or spine
Skeletal system function - ANSWER-provides a framework to protect the soft organs
inside the body and protect nervous system components, including the brain and spinal
cord, from damage.
Axial skeleton - ANSWER-made up 80 bones in the human and includes the bones of
the vertical axis of the body, such as the sternum, cranium, and vertebral column
Appendicular skeleton - ANSWER-Made up of 126 bones and includes the bones of the
appendages attaching to the axial skeleton
Bone Marrow - ANSWER-Generates stem cells and produces red blood cells
Spongy Bone - ANSWER-Porous and highly vascular bone near the ends of the long
bones
Compact bone - ANSWER-dense, hard bone providing structure
Medullary cavity - ANSWER-The central cavity through the bone shaft storing bone
marrow and is known as the marrow cavity
Periosteum - ANSWER-The vascular connective tissue layer covering bones except for
the surfaces of the joints
Nervous System - ANSWER-allows the body to communicate with, control, and regulate
the other organ systems for proper body function
Interneurons - ANSWER-A neuron with its cells body, axon, and dendrites located
entirely within the CNS and helps transmit impulses between neurons
Somatic Nervous System - ANSWER-carries impulses to and from the skeletal muscle,
through the spinal cord, and to or from the brain, which allows the body to react to the
external environment
Autonomic Nervous System - ANSWER-Involuntary and controls the internal organs,
including the heart and lungs as well as glands
Circulatory system - ANSWER-An organ system consisting of the heart, blood vessels,
and blood. Transports oxygen from the lungs to the body tissues and metabolic waste,
in the form of CO2, in the opposite direction
Arteries - ANSWER-Blood vessels carrying oxygenated blood away from the heart and
to the tissues
, Veins - ANSWER-Blood vessels carrying blood toward the heart to remove waste and
pick up more oxygen
Capillaries - ANSWER-Fine-branching blood vessels forming a network between the
arterioles and venules, where transport of nutrients and oxygen or CO2 occurs on a
microscopic scale
Lymphatic system - ANSWER-The organ system working in conjunction with the
circulatory system and immune system to prevent disease and maintain fluid balance,
Filter excess fluid from the space between cells (interstitial space), and absorbs fats and
fat-soluble vitamins from the digestive system
Lymph nodes - ANSWER-Lymphatic organs that filter and remove foreign particles
Lymphocytes - ANSWER-lymphatic bodies within lymph nodes that consume foreign
bodies
Interstitial Space - ANSWER-The space between cells.
Respiratory System - ANSWER-The organ system responsible for respiration--internal
and external-- and gas exchange
Internal Respiration - ANSWER-The exchange of gases between blood and tissues
Cellular Metabolism - ANSWER-The use fo oxygen within cells for specific activities
Ventilation - ANSWER-Breathing; inhalation and exhalation
Endocrine System - ANSWER-The organ system producing, releasing, and controlling
hormones
Hormones - ANSWER-Chemical messengers in the body affecting growth,
development, and metabolic activities
Exocrine glands - ANSWER-Glands of the endocrine system that have ducts carrying
secretions to the surface
Endocrine glands - ANSWER-Ductless glands of the endocrine system with secretions
moving directly into the bloodstream to be carried throughout the body
Urinary System - ANSWER-The organ system producing, storing, and eliminating fluid
or urine. Specific organs include the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra
Reproductive System - ANSWER-Has four major functions:
1. Produce sperm and ova
2. Transport and sustain sperm and ova
