1. Which of the following cytokines is important for the activation
of macrophages?
A. Interferon-gamma
B. Interleukin-4
C. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha
D. Interleukin-10
Answer: a) Interferon-gamma
Rationale: Interferon-gamma is a cytokine that activates
macrophages, enhancing their ability to kill pathogens and
present antigens.
2. Which of the following best describes an antigen-presenting
cell (APC)?
A. A cell that produces antibodies
B. A cell that processes and presents antigens to T cells
C. A cell that kills infected cells directly
D. A cell that releases cytokines to regulate immune responses
Answer: b) A cell that processes and presents antigens to T cells
Rationale: APCs, like dendritic cells and macrophages, capture
and process antigens, then present them on MHC molecules to
activate T cells.
,3. What type of immunity is provided by the transfer of antibodies
from mother to child through breast milk?
A. Active acquired immunity
B. Passive acquired immunity
C. Innate immunity
D. Natural immunity
Answer: b) Passive acquired immunity
Rationale: Passive acquired immunity involves the transfer of
antibodies from one individual to another, such as from mother to
child through breast milk, providing temporary protection.
4. What is the primary function of the lymphatic system?
A. To transport oxygen to tissues
B. To filter blood and remove waste
C. To transport immune cells and absorb fat from the digestive
system
D. To produce red blood cells
Answer: c) To transport immune cells and absorb fat from the
digestive system
Rationale: The lymphatic system helps transport immune cells
(e.g., lymphocytes) and absorbs fats from the digestive tract,
supporting immune responses and nutrient transport.
, 5. What is the primary role of regulatory T cells?
A. To kill infected cells
B. To activate B cells
C. To suppress excessive immune responses
D. To produce cytokines
Answer: c) To suppress excessive immune responses
Rationale: Regulatory T cells (Tregs) help maintain immune
tolerance and prevent autoimmune diseases by suppressing
excessive immune activity.
6. What is the function of the spleen in the immune system?
A. It produces antibodies
B. It filters blood and removes damaged cells
C. It stores red blood cells
D. It produces white blood cells
Answer: b) It filters blood and removes damaged cells
Rationale: The spleen filters blood, removing old or damaged red
blood cells and pathogens, and is involved in immune responses.
7. Which type of hypersensitivity involves the formation of
immune complexes?
of macrophages?
A. Interferon-gamma
B. Interleukin-4
C. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha
D. Interleukin-10
Answer: a) Interferon-gamma
Rationale: Interferon-gamma is a cytokine that activates
macrophages, enhancing their ability to kill pathogens and
present antigens.
2. Which of the following best describes an antigen-presenting
cell (APC)?
A. A cell that produces antibodies
B. A cell that processes and presents antigens to T cells
C. A cell that kills infected cells directly
D. A cell that releases cytokines to regulate immune responses
Answer: b) A cell that processes and presents antigens to T cells
Rationale: APCs, like dendritic cells and macrophages, capture
and process antigens, then present them on MHC molecules to
activate T cells.
,3. What type of immunity is provided by the transfer of antibodies
from mother to child through breast milk?
A. Active acquired immunity
B. Passive acquired immunity
C. Innate immunity
D. Natural immunity
Answer: b) Passive acquired immunity
Rationale: Passive acquired immunity involves the transfer of
antibodies from one individual to another, such as from mother to
child through breast milk, providing temporary protection.
4. What is the primary function of the lymphatic system?
A. To transport oxygen to tissues
B. To filter blood and remove waste
C. To transport immune cells and absorb fat from the digestive
system
D. To produce red blood cells
Answer: c) To transport immune cells and absorb fat from the
digestive system
Rationale: The lymphatic system helps transport immune cells
(e.g., lymphocytes) and absorbs fats from the digestive tract,
supporting immune responses and nutrient transport.
, 5. What is the primary role of regulatory T cells?
A. To kill infected cells
B. To activate B cells
C. To suppress excessive immune responses
D. To produce cytokines
Answer: c) To suppress excessive immune responses
Rationale: Regulatory T cells (Tregs) help maintain immune
tolerance and prevent autoimmune diseases by suppressing
excessive immune activity.
6. What is the function of the spleen in the immune system?
A. It produces antibodies
B. It filters blood and removes damaged cells
C. It stores red blood cells
D. It produces white blood cells
Answer: b) It filters blood and removes damaged cells
Rationale: The spleen filters blood, removing old or damaged red
blood cells and pathogens, and is involved in immune responses.
7. Which type of hypersensitivity involves the formation of
immune complexes?
