1. Which of the following best describes the function of the
complement system?
A. To present antigens to T cells
B. To tag pathogens for destruction by phagocytes
C. To activate helper T cells
D. To produce antibodies
Answer: b) To tag pathogens for destruction by phagocytes
Rationale: The complement system enhances the immune response
by marking pathogens for destruction (opsonization) and
promoting inflammation.
2. What is the result of an antibody-mediated immune response?
A. Destruction of infected cells by cytotoxic T cells
B. Neutralization of pathogens and removal of foreign substances
C. Activation of the complement system to kill pathogens
D. Induction of cell apoptosis
Answer: b) Neutralization of pathogens and removal of foreign
substances
Rationale: Antibodies neutralize pathogens by binding to them,
preventing infection, and facilitating their removal by phagocytes.
,3. What is the function of the interleukin-2 (IL-2) cytokine?
A. To promote the differentiation of B cells into plasma cells
B. To stimulate the growth and proliferation of T cells
C. To activate natural killer cells
D. To enhance phagocytosis
Answer: b) To stimulate the growth and proliferation of T cells
Rationale: IL-2 is a cytokine that stimulates the proliferation of T
cells, contributing to the expansion of the immune response.
4. What is the function of memory B cells?
A. To produce antibodies during the primary immune response
B. To destroy infected cells
C. To remain inactive until a pathogen is encountered again
D. To stimulate T cells
Answer: c) To remain inactive until a pathogen is encountered
again
Rationale: Memory B cells are long-lived and "remember"
pathogens. They remain inactive until re-exposure to the same
pathogen, at which point they rapidly produce antibodies.
5. Which of the following is a characteristic of the inflammatory
response?
A. It is always harmful to the body
, B. It results in vasodilation and increased blood flow
C. It involves the release of antibodies
D. It leads to the immediate elimination of pathogens
Answer: b) It results in vasodilation and increased blood flow
Rationale: Inflammation is a protective response that involves
vasodilation and increased blood flow to the affected area,
bringing immune cells to fight infection.
6. What is the first line of defense in the immune system?
A. T cells
B. Antibodies
C. Physical and chemical barriers
D. Phagocytes
Answer: c) Physical and chemical barriers
Rationale: The first line of defense includes physical and chemical
barriers like the skin, mucous membranes, and stomach acid that
prevent pathogens from entering the body.
7. What is the role of the histamine in an allergic reaction?
A. To stimulate B cells
B. To dilate blood vessels and increase blood flow
C. To activate cytotoxic T cells
complement system?
A. To present antigens to T cells
B. To tag pathogens for destruction by phagocytes
C. To activate helper T cells
D. To produce antibodies
Answer: b) To tag pathogens for destruction by phagocytes
Rationale: The complement system enhances the immune response
by marking pathogens for destruction (opsonization) and
promoting inflammation.
2. What is the result of an antibody-mediated immune response?
A. Destruction of infected cells by cytotoxic T cells
B. Neutralization of pathogens and removal of foreign substances
C. Activation of the complement system to kill pathogens
D. Induction of cell apoptosis
Answer: b) Neutralization of pathogens and removal of foreign
substances
Rationale: Antibodies neutralize pathogens by binding to them,
preventing infection, and facilitating their removal by phagocytes.
,3. What is the function of the interleukin-2 (IL-2) cytokine?
A. To promote the differentiation of B cells into plasma cells
B. To stimulate the growth and proliferation of T cells
C. To activate natural killer cells
D. To enhance phagocytosis
Answer: b) To stimulate the growth and proliferation of T cells
Rationale: IL-2 is a cytokine that stimulates the proliferation of T
cells, contributing to the expansion of the immune response.
4. What is the function of memory B cells?
A. To produce antibodies during the primary immune response
B. To destroy infected cells
C. To remain inactive until a pathogen is encountered again
D. To stimulate T cells
Answer: c) To remain inactive until a pathogen is encountered
again
Rationale: Memory B cells are long-lived and "remember"
pathogens. They remain inactive until re-exposure to the same
pathogen, at which point they rapidly produce antibodies.
5. Which of the following is a characteristic of the inflammatory
response?
A. It is always harmful to the body
, B. It results in vasodilation and increased blood flow
C. It involves the release of antibodies
D. It leads to the immediate elimination of pathogens
Answer: b) It results in vasodilation and increased blood flow
Rationale: Inflammation is a protective response that involves
vasodilation and increased blood flow to the affected area,
bringing immune cells to fight infection.
6. What is the first line of defense in the immune system?
A. T cells
B. Antibodies
C. Physical and chemical barriers
D. Phagocytes
Answer: c) Physical and chemical barriers
Rationale: The first line of defense includes physical and chemical
barriers like the skin, mucous membranes, and stomach acid that
prevent pathogens from entering the body.
7. What is the role of the histamine in an allergic reaction?
A. To stimulate B cells
B. To dilate blood vessels and increase blood flow
C. To activate cytotoxic T cells
