STUDY GUIDE
Davis Advantage for Understanding
Medical-Surgical Nursing 7th Edition
By Hopper, Williams, All Chapter's 1 - 57
1
,(DavisSAdvantageSforSUnderstandingSMedical-SurgicalSNursing,S7eSLindaSWilliams,SPaulaSHopper)
Answers
CHAPTER 1 S
toScollectSappropriateSdata,SidentifySaSpatientSproblem,SandS
determineStheSbestSpossibleSplanSofSaction.SClinicalSjudgment
CRITICAL THINKING,
S
SisSbasedSonSgoodScriticalSthinking.
CLINICAL JUDGMENT, ANDTHE
S S S S
Cue
S
NURSING PROCESS S
Definition:SSignificantSorSrelevantSdata.SNotSallSdataSare
cuesS(relevant),SbutSallScuesSareSdata.
AUDIOS CASES STUDY Collaboration
JaneS PracticesS ClinicalS Judgment Definition:SWorkingStogetherSwithStheShealthSteamStoSimp
roveSpatientSoutcomes.
1. IdentifySandSanalyzeScues;SprioritizeShypotheses;SgenerateSsoluti
ons;StakeSaction;SevaluateSoutcomes;Srepeat. Intervention
2. JaneSwasSexhausted,SfailedSaStest,SandSwasSpulledSinStooSmany Definition:STakingSactionStoScarrySoutSaSplan.
Sdirections.SSheSwasSalsoScryingSinSherScarSandShadSpoorSstudyS
Evaluation
habitsSandSnotSenoughSsleep.
3. Jane’sSresourcesSincludedSaSgoodSfriend,SsickStimeSfromSwork Definition:SComparingStheSoutcomesSyouSexpectedSwithSactua
,SandSwastedStimeSbetweenSclassesSthatSsheScouldSbetterSutili lSoutcomes.SDidStheSplanSwork?SWereSexpectedSoutcomesS
ze.SYourSresourcesSwillSbeSdifferent,SbutStheySexist! met?
4. CriticalSthinking— Vigilance
theSwhy:SJaneSusesScriticalSthinkingStoSdetermineSwhySherScurr Definition:STheSactSofSbeingSattentive,Salert,SandSwatchful.
entSplanSisn’tSworking.SSheSthinksShonestlySaboutSherSpoorSst
udyShabits,SherStime- CRITICALS THINKINGS ANDS CLINICALSJUDGMENT
SmanagementSproblems,SandStheSimpactSthisSisShavingSonSherSa
ndSherSfamily. CriticalSthinkingSandSclinicalSjudgmentSbothSfollowSaSsimilarSformat
ClinicalSjudgment— .SBothSfollowSstepsSfromScollectingSdataStoSdetermin-
theSdo:SJaneSusesSherSthinkingStoSdevelopSandScarrySoutSaSplanSth SingSproblemsSandSoutcomes,SdevelopingSandStakingSactions,SandSe
atSusesSherSresourcesSandSprovidesSmoreSproductiveSstudyStime valuatingSoutcomes.SHowever,ScriticalSthinkingShelpsSyouSthinkSab
SandSmoreSqualityStimeSwithSherSkids. outStheSproblem:SWhatSisSit?SWhySisSitShappen-
Sing?SAndSclinicalSjudgmentSleadsSyouStoSdoSsomethingStoSmanageS
VOCABULARY theSproblem.
SampleSsentencesSwillSvarySforStheSVocabularySproblems. CUES RECOGNITION
NursingS process YouSwillSdoSmanySthingsSforSeachSindividual,SbutStheSFIRSTSthingSisSliste
Definition:SAnSorganizingSframeworkSthatSlinksSthinkingSwithSnu dSbelow.
rsingSactions.SStepsSincludeSassessment/dataScollection,Snursin
gSdiagnosis,Splanning,Simplementation,SandSevaluation. 1. SitStheSpatientSupright.
2. CallS911SwhileSrunningSacrossStheSstreet.
CriticalSthinking 3. ElevateStheSfeetSoffStheSbedSbySplacingSaSpillowSunderStheScalves
Definition:STheSuseSofSthoseScognitiveS(knowledge)SskillsSorSstrat SandSallowingStheSfeetStoShangSoffStheSedgeSofStheSpillow.
egiesSthatSincreaseStheSprobabilitySofSaSdesirableSoutcome.SAls 4. CheckSbloodSglucoseSandShaveSaSglucoseSsourceSready.
oSinvolvesSreflection,Sproblem- 5. TurnStheSpatientStoStheSsideStoSpreventSaspiration.
solving,SandSrelatedSthinkingSskills.
ClinicalSjudgment
Definition:STheSobservedSoutcomeSofScriticalSthinkingSandSdecisio
nSmaking.SASprocessSthatSusesSnursingSknowledge
,2 ChapterS1 Answers
CRITICALS THINKING
ThisSisSjustSoneSpossibleSwayStoScompleteSaScognitiveSmap.
CouldSitSbeSlow FrontalSarea "Sick"S feeling Hard TylenolShelps HungerSmakes
AmS IS diabetic itSworse
?
bloodSsugar?
Patient's WhereSisSit Quality AggravatingS and
perception ? alleviatingS factors
FoodS helps
Headache
UsefulS othe Severity Timing
r
data
SometimesS fee MotherSis 7–8S onS 0– LastsS1– BeforeSmeals EarlySinSth
l diabetic 10 2Shours e
sickS toS stomac scale onceS starts morning
h
REVIEWS QUESTIONS takingSvitalSsigns;SdataScollectionSisStheSfirstSstepSinStheSnursin
gSprocess.S(2,S3,S4)SareSallSstepsSinStheSnursingSprocess,SforSw
TheScorrectSanswersSareSinSboldface.
hichStheSregisteredSnurseSisSresponsible;StheSLPN/LVNSmaySa
1. (2)SCriticalSthinkingScanSleadStoSbetterSoutcomesSforStheSpatie ssistStheSregisteredSnurseSwithSthese.SNitroglycerinSshouldSnot
nt.S(1,S3,S4)SmaySbeStrueSbutSareSnotStheSbestSanswer. SbeSadministeredSwithoutSfirstSknowingStheSpatient’sSbloodSpre
2. (4)SisScorrect.STheSnurseSwhoScanSadmitStoSnotSknowingSsom ssure.
ethingSisSexhibitingSintellectualShumility.S(1)SshowsSexpertiseS 7. (2)SindicatesSthatStheSpatientSisSconcernedSaboutSfreedomSfrom
butSnotSnecessarilySintellectualShumility; SinjurySandSharm.S(1)SrelatesStoSbasicSneedsSsuchSasSair,Soxyge
(2) reportingSanSerrorSshowsSintellectualSintegrity; n,SandSwater.S(3)SrelatesStoSfeelingSloved.S(4)SisSrelatedStoShavi
(3) empathizingSisSpositiveSbutSdoesSisSnotSevidenceSofShu ngSpositiveSself-esteem.
mility. 8. (3,S1,S2,S4)SisStheScorrectSorderSaccordingStoSMaslow.
3. (3,S4,S5,S1,S2)SisStheScorrectSorder. 9. (5,S2,S1,S4,S6,S3)SisStheScorrectSorder.
4. (1)SisStheSbestSdefinition.S(2,S3,S4)SdoSnotSdefineScriticalSthin 10. (3)SshowsStheSpatientSisSactuallyStakingSaction.S(1,S2,S4)SareSa
kingSbutSareSexamplesSofSgoodSthinking. llSpositiveSbutSdoSnotSshowSintentStoStakeSaction.
5. (4)SisScorrect.SEvaluationSdeterminesSwhetherSgoalsSareSachiev 11. (4)SisStheSnurse’sSanalysisSofStheSsituation.S(1,S2)SareSdata;
edSandSinterventionsSeffective.S(2)SisStheSroleSofStheSphysician.S( S(3)SisSaSrecommendation.
1,S3)SencompassSdataScollectionSandSimple- 12. (1,S2,S3,S4)SshouldSbeSpresent.SSinceStheSdataSprovidesSonly
Smentation,SwhichSareSearlierSstepsSinStheSnursingSprocess. ShipSreplacementSasStheSpatient’sSproblem,S(5)StheSdietitianS
6. (1)SisScorrect.STheSlicensedSpracticalSnurse/licensedSvoca- isSnotSnecessary.
StionalSnurseS(LPN/LVN)ScanScollectSdata,SwhichSincludes
1
, Answers
CHAPTER 2 S EVIDENCE-BASEDS PRACTICE
EVIDENCE-BASED PRACTICE S 1. proof
2. context
AUDIOS CASES STUDY 3. quality
4. care
MarieS andS Evidence-BasedS Practice 5. randomized
1. ThirdhandSsmokeSisStheSdangerousStoxinsSofSsmokeSthatSlinge 6. outcomes
rSonShair,Sclothing,Sfurniture,SandSotherSsurfacesSinSanSareaSaft 7. gold
erSaScigaretteSisSputSout.SMarieSlearnedSthatSexposureStoSthes 8. nursing
eStoxinsScanSbeSneurotoxicStoSchildrenSandScanStriggerSasthm 9. patient’s
aSattacksSinSsensitiveSpeople. 10. information
2. Evidence-
basedSpracticeSisSconsideredStheSgoldSstandardSofShealthScare. CLINICALS JUDGMENT
3. StepS1:SAskStheSburningSquestion.SStepS2:SSearchSandScolle
ctStheSmostSrelevantSandSbestSevidenceSavailable.SStepS3:ST 1. BySquestioningStheSexistingSwaySofSdoingSthingsStoSensureS
hinkScritically.SAppraiseStheSevidenceSforSvalidity,Srelevanc thatStheSpatientSreceivesStheSbestScareSpossible
eStoStheSsituation,SandSapplicability. 2. ASthoroughSsearchSofStheSliterature,SwithStheSassistanceSofStheS
StepS4:SMeasureStheSoutcomesSbeforeSandSafterSinstitutingStheSc medicalSlibrarian,SinStheSareaSofStheirSburningSques-
StionSregardingSmusicSreducingSpreoperativeSanxiety.
hange.SStepS5:SMakeSitShappen.SStepS6:SEvaluateStheSpracticeSd
ecisionSorSchange. 3. CumulativeSIndexStoSNursingSandSAlliedSHealthSLiteratureS(C
4. CombinationStherapySwithSaSnicotineSpatchSandSnicotineSlozeng INAHL)SDatabase,SJoannaSBriggsSInstituteSevidence-
esSworkedSbest,SalthoughSbupropionS(Zyban)SorSvareniclineS(C basedSresources,SCochraneSReviews,SMedline/SPubMed
hantix)SandSnicotineSlozengesSworkedSwell,Stoo.SASCochraneSR 4. MeasureSpatientSoutcomesSbeforeSinstitutingStheSevidence-
eviewSfoundSthatSadviceSandSsupportSfromSnursingSstaffScanSincr basedSchangeSinSpracticeSsoScomparisonsScanSbeSmadeSafterSi
easeSpatients’SsuccessSinSquit- mplementationStoSdetermineSifStheSinter-SventionSworked
StingSsmoking,SespeciallySinSaShospitalSsetting. 5. EvaluateStheSresultsStoSdetermineSwhetherStheSchangeSmade
SaSsignificantSdifferenceSandSifSitSwasSvaluableSinStermsSofScos
VOCABULARY tSandStime
SampleSsentencesSwillSvarySforStheSVocabularySproblems. REVIEWS QUESTIONS
1. Evidence- TheScorrectSanswersSareSinSboldface.
basedSpractice:SASsystematicSprocessSthatSusesScurrentSevidenc
eSinSmakingSdecisionsSaboutSpatientScare. 1. (3)SisScorrect.SProvidingSanSexplanationSofSwhySsome-
2. Evidence- SthingSisSdoneSpromotesStheSunderstandingSforSwhySitSisSimp
informedSpractice:SConsiderationSofSpatientSfactorsSalongSwithS ortantStoSbeSdoneSandSthereforeSwillSmoreSlikelySbeSdone.S(1
theSuseSofSevidenceSforSsharedSdecisionSmakingSbetweenStheShea ,S2,S4)SonlyScommunicateStheSneedStoSperformSaStask.STheySd
lth-careSproviderSandStheSpatient. oSnotSprovideSrationaleSforStheStaskStoSpro-
SmoteSunderstandingSofStheSimportanceSofStheStask.
3. RandomizedScontrolledStrials:STrueSexperimentalSstudiesSinSw
hichSasSmanySfactorsSasSpossibleSthatScouldSfalselySchangeStheSr 2. (3)SisScorrect.SEvidence-
esultsSareScontrolled. basedSnursingScareSthatShasSbeenSevaluatedSasSappropriateSforSa
4. Research:SScientificSstudy,Sinvestigation,SorSexperimenta- nSagencySprovidesStheSbestSandSsafestSpatientScare.S(1)SOpinion
StionStoSestablishSfactsSandSanalyzeStheirSsignificance.
sSmaySnotSbeSbasedSon
5. SystematicSreview:SASreviewSofSrelevantSresearchSusingSguidel
ines.
Davis Advantage for Understanding
Medical-Surgical Nursing 7th Edition
By Hopper, Williams, All Chapter's 1 - 57
1
,(DavisSAdvantageSforSUnderstandingSMedical-SurgicalSNursing,S7eSLindaSWilliams,SPaulaSHopper)
Answers
CHAPTER 1 S
toScollectSappropriateSdata,SidentifySaSpatientSproblem,SandS
determineStheSbestSpossibleSplanSofSaction.SClinicalSjudgment
CRITICAL THINKING,
S
SisSbasedSonSgoodScriticalSthinking.
CLINICAL JUDGMENT, ANDTHE
S S S S
Cue
S
NURSING PROCESS S
Definition:SSignificantSorSrelevantSdata.SNotSallSdataSare
cuesS(relevant),SbutSallScuesSareSdata.
AUDIOS CASES STUDY Collaboration
JaneS PracticesS ClinicalS Judgment Definition:SWorkingStogetherSwithStheShealthSteamStoSimp
roveSpatientSoutcomes.
1. IdentifySandSanalyzeScues;SprioritizeShypotheses;SgenerateSsoluti
ons;StakeSaction;SevaluateSoutcomes;Srepeat. Intervention
2. JaneSwasSexhausted,SfailedSaStest,SandSwasSpulledSinStooSmany Definition:STakingSactionStoScarrySoutSaSplan.
Sdirections.SSheSwasSalsoScryingSinSherScarSandShadSpoorSstudyS
Evaluation
habitsSandSnotSenoughSsleep.
3. Jane’sSresourcesSincludedSaSgoodSfriend,SsickStimeSfromSwork Definition:SComparingStheSoutcomesSyouSexpectedSwithSactua
,SandSwastedStimeSbetweenSclassesSthatSsheScouldSbetterSutili lSoutcomes.SDidStheSplanSwork?SWereSexpectedSoutcomesS
ze.SYourSresourcesSwillSbeSdifferent,SbutStheySexist! met?
4. CriticalSthinking— Vigilance
theSwhy:SJaneSusesScriticalSthinkingStoSdetermineSwhySherScurr Definition:STheSactSofSbeingSattentive,Salert,SandSwatchful.
entSplanSisn’tSworking.SSheSthinksShonestlySaboutSherSpoorSst
udyShabits,SherStime- CRITICALS THINKINGS ANDS CLINICALSJUDGMENT
SmanagementSproblems,SandStheSimpactSthisSisShavingSonSherSa
ndSherSfamily. CriticalSthinkingSandSclinicalSjudgmentSbothSfollowSaSsimilarSformat
ClinicalSjudgment— .SBothSfollowSstepsSfromScollectingSdataStoSdetermin-
theSdo:SJaneSusesSherSthinkingStoSdevelopSandScarrySoutSaSplanSth SingSproblemsSandSoutcomes,SdevelopingSandStakingSactions,SandSe
atSusesSherSresourcesSandSprovidesSmoreSproductiveSstudyStime valuatingSoutcomes.SHowever,ScriticalSthinkingShelpsSyouSthinkSab
SandSmoreSqualityStimeSwithSherSkids. outStheSproblem:SWhatSisSit?SWhySisSitShappen-
Sing?SAndSclinicalSjudgmentSleadsSyouStoSdoSsomethingStoSmanageS
VOCABULARY theSproblem.
SampleSsentencesSwillSvarySforStheSVocabularySproblems. CUES RECOGNITION
NursingS process YouSwillSdoSmanySthingsSforSeachSindividual,SbutStheSFIRSTSthingSisSliste
Definition:SAnSorganizingSframeworkSthatSlinksSthinkingSwithSnu dSbelow.
rsingSactions.SStepsSincludeSassessment/dataScollection,Snursin
gSdiagnosis,Splanning,Simplementation,SandSevaluation. 1. SitStheSpatientSupright.
2. CallS911SwhileSrunningSacrossStheSstreet.
CriticalSthinking 3. ElevateStheSfeetSoffStheSbedSbySplacingSaSpillowSunderStheScalves
Definition:STheSuseSofSthoseScognitiveS(knowledge)SskillsSorSstrat SandSallowingStheSfeetStoShangSoffStheSedgeSofStheSpillow.
egiesSthatSincreaseStheSprobabilitySofSaSdesirableSoutcome.SAls 4. CheckSbloodSglucoseSandShaveSaSglucoseSsourceSready.
oSinvolvesSreflection,Sproblem- 5. TurnStheSpatientStoStheSsideStoSpreventSaspiration.
solving,SandSrelatedSthinkingSskills.
ClinicalSjudgment
Definition:STheSobservedSoutcomeSofScriticalSthinkingSandSdecisio
nSmaking.SASprocessSthatSusesSnursingSknowledge
,2 ChapterS1 Answers
CRITICALS THINKING
ThisSisSjustSoneSpossibleSwayStoScompleteSaScognitiveSmap.
CouldSitSbeSlow FrontalSarea "Sick"S feeling Hard TylenolShelps HungerSmakes
AmS IS diabetic itSworse
?
bloodSsugar?
Patient's WhereSisSit Quality AggravatingS and
perception ? alleviatingS factors
FoodS helps
Headache
UsefulS othe Severity Timing
r
data
SometimesS fee MotherSis 7–8S onS 0– LastsS1– BeforeSmeals EarlySinSth
l diabetic 10 2Shours e
sickS toS stomac scale onceS starts morning
h
REVIEWS QUESTIONS takingSvitalSsigns;SdataScollectionSisStheSfirstSstepSinStheSnursin
gSprocess.S(2,S3,S4)SareSallSstepsSinStheSnursingSprocess,SforSw
TheScorrectSanswersSareSinSboldface.
hichStheSregisteredSnurseSisSresponsible;StheSLPN/LVNSmaySa
1. (2)SCriticalSthinkingScanSleadStoSbetterSoutcomesSforStheSpatie ssistStheSregisteredSnurseSwithSthese.SNitroglycerinSshouldSnot
nt.S(1,S3,S4)SmaySbeStrueSbutSareSnotStheSbestSanswer. SbeSadministeredSwithoutSfirstSknowingStheSpatient’sSbloodSpre
2. (4)SisScorrect.STheSnurseSwhoScanSadmitStoSnotSknowingSsom ssure.
ethingSisSexhibitingSintellectualShumility.S(1)SshowsSexpertiseS 7. (2)SindicatesSthatStheSpatientSisSconcernedSaboutSfreedomSfrom
butSnotSnecessarilySintellectualShumility; SinjurySandSharm.S(1)SrelatesStoSbasicSneedsSsuchSasSair,Soxyge
(2) reportingSanSerrorSshowsSintellectualSintegrity; n,SandSwater.S(3)SrelatesStoSfeelingSloved.S(4)SisSrelatedStoShavi
(3) empathizingSisSpositiveSbutSdoesSisSnotSevidenceSofShu ngSpositiveSself-esteem.
mility. 8. (3,S1,S2,S4)SisStheScorrectSorderSaccordingStoSMaslow.
3. (3,S4,S5,S1,S2)SisStheScorrectSorder. 9. (5,S2,S1,S4,S6,S3)SisStheScorrectSorder.
4. (1)SisStheSbestSdefinition.S(2,S3,S4)SdoSnotSdefineScriticalSthin 10. (3)SshowsStheSpatientSisSactuallyStakingSaction.S(1,S2,S4)SareSa
kingSbutSareSexamplesSofSgoodSthinking. llSpositiveSbutSdoSnotSshowSintentStoStakeSaction.
5. (4)SisScorrect.SEvaluationSdeterminesSwhetherSgoalsSareSachiev 11. (4)SisStheSnurse’sSanalysisSofStheSsituation.S(1,S2)SareSdata;
edSandSinterventionsSeffective.S(2)SisStheSroleSofStheSphysician.S( S(3)SisSaSrecommendation.
1,S3)SencompassSdataScollectionSandSimple- 12. (1,S2,S3,S4)SshouldSbeSpresent.SSinceStheSdataSprovidesSonly
Smentation,SwhichSareSearlierSstepsSinStheSnursingSprocess. ShipSreplacementSasStheSpatient’sSproblem,S(5)StheSdietitianS
6. (1)SisScorrect.STheSlicensedSpracticalSnurse/licensedSvoca- isSnotSnecessary.
StionalSnurseS(LPN/LVN)ScanScollectSdata,SwhichSincludes
1
, Answers
CHAPTER 2 S EVIDENCE-BASEDS PRACTICE
EVIDENCE-BASED PRACTICE S 1. proof
2. context
AUDIOS CASES STUDY 3. quality
4. care
MarieS andS Evidence-BasedS Practice 5. randomized
1. ThirdhandSsmokeSisStheSdangerousStoxinsSofSsmokeSthatSlinge 6. outcomes
rSonShair,Sclothing,Sfurniture,SandSotherSsurfacesSinSanSareaSaft 7. gold
erSaScigaretteSisSputSout.SMarieSlearnedSthatSexposureStoSthes 8. nursing
eStoxinsScanSbeSneurotoxicStoSchildrenSandScanStriggerSasthm 9. patient’s
aSattacksSinSsensitiveSpeople. 10. information
2. Evidence-
basedSpracticeSisSconsideredStheSgoldSstandardSofShealthScare. CLINICALS JUDGMENT
3. StepS1:SAskStheSburningSquestion.SStepS2:SSearchSandScolle
ctStheSmostSrelevantSandSbestSevidenceSavailable.SStepS3:ST 1. BySquestioningStheSexistingSwaySofSdoingSthingsStoSensureS
hinkScritically.SAppraiseStheSevidenceSforSvalidity,Srelevanc thatStheSpatientSreceivesStheSbestScareSpossible
eStoStheSsituation,SandSapplicability. 2. ASthoroughSsearchSofStheSliterature,SwithStheSassistanceSofStheS
StepS4:SMeasureStheSoutcomesSbeforeSandSafterSinstitutingStheSc medicalSlibrarian,SinStheSareaSofStheirSburningSques-
StionSregardingSmusicSreducingSpreoperativeSanxiety.
hange.SStepS5:SMakeSitShappen.SStepS6:SEvaluateStheSpracticeSd
ecisionSorSchange. 3. CumulativeSIndexStoSNursingSandSAlliedSHealthSLiteratureS(C
4. CombinationStherapySwithSaSnicotineSpatchSandSnicotineSlozeng INAHL)SDatabase,SJoannaSBriggsSInstituteSevidence-
esSworkedSbest,SalthoughSbupropionS(Zyban)SorSvareniclineS(C basedSresources,SCochraneSReviews,SMedline/SPubMed
hantix)SandSnicotineSlozengesSworkedSwell,Stoo.SASCochraneSR 4. MeasureSpatientSoutcomesSbeforeSinstitutingStheSevidence-
eviewSfoundSthatSadviceSandSsupportSfromSnursingSstaffScanSincr basedSchangeSinSpracticeSsoScomparisonsScanSbeSmadeSafterSi
easeSpatients’SsuccessSinSquit- mplementationStoSdetermineSifStheSinter-SventionSworked
StingSsmoking,SespeciallySinSaShospitalSsetting. 5. EvaluateStheSresultsStoSdetermineSwhetherStheSchangeSmade
SaSsignificantSdifferenceSandSifSitSwasSvaluableSinStermsSofScos
VOCABULARY tSandStime
SampleSsentencesSwillSvarySforStheSVocabularySproblems. REVIEWS QUESTIONS
1. Evidence- TheScorrectSanswersSareSinSboldface.
basedSpractice:SASsystematicSprocessSthatSusesScurrentSevidenc
eSinSmakingSdecisionsSaboutSpatientScare. 1. (3)SisScorrect.SProvidingSanSexplanationSofSwhySsome-
2. Evidence- SthingSisSdoneSpromotesStheSunderstandingSforSwhySitSisSimp
informedSpractice:SConsiderationSofSpatientSfactorsSalongSwithS ortantStoSbeSdoneSandSthereforeSwillSmoreSlikelySbeSdone.S(1
theSuseSofSevidenceSforSsharedSdecisionSmakingSbetweenStheShea ,S2,S4)SonlyScommunicateStheSneedStoSperformSaStask.STheySd
lth-careSproviderSandStheSpatient. oSnotSprovideSrationaleSforStheStaskStoSpro-
SmoteSunderstandingSofStheSimportanceSofStheStask.
3. RandomizedScontrolledStrials:STrueSexperimentalSstudiesSinSw
hichSasSmanySfactorsSasSpossibleSthatScouldSfalselySchangeStheSr 2. (3)SisScorrect.SEvidence-
esultsSareScontrolled. basedSnursingScareSthatShasSbeenSevaluatedSasSappropriateSforSa
4. Research:SScientificSstudy,Sinvestigation,SorSexperimenta- nSagencySprovidesStheSbestSandSsafestSpatientScare.S(1)SOpinion
StionStoSestablishSfactsSandSanalyzeStheirSsignificance.
sSmaySnotSbeSbasedSon
5. SystematicSreview:SASreviewSofSrelevantSresearchSusingSguidel
ines.
