Sara Michelle's Crash Course
Aphthous Stomatitis - ANS -inside of the mouth
red base with white ulcer
topical relief
Herpes - ANS -outside of the mouth
painful clustered vesicles on an erythema base
antiviral- valtrex/acyclovir within in 48 to 72 hours
Keratosis Pilaris - ANS -Chicken bumps
seen in children
most of the time will outgrow
rough patches small acne- like bumps from too much keratin blocking hair follicles
TXT: emollients & moisturizers
Impetigo - ANS -Honey crusted lesions
Strep Anginosus & Staph Aureus
Bolus= oral antibiotics
NonBolus= mupirocin/Bactroban ointment
Pityriasis Rosea - ANS -Distributed in Christmas tree pattern
starts with a herald patch
self-limiting
Brown recluse spider bite - ANS -bite becomes under and turns deep purple in color with a
white halo around it
may have systemic symptoms
Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever - ANS -Tic Bite
TXT: Doxycycline- even if pregnant
rash 3-5 days after symptoms on palms of hands and soles of feet
North Carolina
Lyme Disease - ANS -Bull's-eye lesion (Erythema Migraines)
TXT: Doxycycline
Amoxicillin if allergic
Sialolithiasis - ANS -mass under the chin while eating
salivary gland stone
,Actinic keratosis - ANS -dry pink lesions on sun exposed areas
if left untreated may lead to CANCER- squamous cell carcinoma
TXT: 5-FU or cryotherapy
Squamous Cell Carcinoma - ANS -Slow-growing, scale, ulcerated & bleeds easily
DX: BIOPSY
REFER to dermatology
Cafe au Lait Spots - ANS -Benign & do not require interventions unless you have more that 8=
neurofibromatosis
Malignant Melanoma - ANS -Asymmetry
Border irregularity
Color
Diameter > 6mm
Evolving or Elevated above the skin
could also present as a dark spot under the nail that is not related to trauma
Splinter hemorrhage - ANS -black lines under the nail not related to melanoma but caused by
endocarditis
Seborrheic Keratosis - ANS -Pasted on skin lesions
BENIGN- does not need to be removed
Basal Cell Carcinoma - ANS -Most common skin cancer
Telangiectasias= visible blood vessels across the lesion
Shiny, waxy, or pearly in nature
BIOPSY & REFER to DERM
Eczema - ANS -Extremely PRURITIC
commonly found on flexor surfaces
TXT: emollients & Topical steroids
Atopic dermatitis, Asthma & Allergies
Plaque Psoriasis - ANS -Thick Silvery Scales
Auspitz Sign- when the plaques are scratched pinpoint bleeding occurs
Koebner's phenomenon- Trauma to skin leads to plaque forming
TXT: topical steroids & Cole Tar & Refer to Dermatology
Contact Dermatitis - ANS -Linear distribution
TXT: topical steroids & avoid irritant
Shingles - ANS -Across the dermatome
Vascular & burning & tingling at the site prior to rash
,TXT: Acyclovir (CHEAPER)/Valacyclovir
Anywhere close to the eyes- refer to ophthalmology b/c risk for permanent corneal scarring &
blindness
Shingrex- can be given no matter when the last outbreak was b/c inactivated also give at 50
years old
Zostavax- old vaccine & off the market
Stage 1 pressure injury - ANS -red does not blanch
no breaks in the skin
TXT: foam dressings
Unstageable pressure injury - ANS -can not see the depth of the wound bed because of the
presents of a sloth
Eschar on the heel - ANS -typically seen with diabetics
if it is stable with no signs of infections it should not be removed or soaked by the patient
Scabies - ANS -between fingers & toes intensely pruritic & everyone in the house has same
symptoms
TXT: permethrin cream & wash everything in hot water usually have to treat twice to get rid of it
effectively
Chicken Pox - ANS -Lesions in various stages of healing
Varicella Vaccine- LIVE must be 12 months of age
Can return to school when all of the lesions are crusted over
Head Lice - ANS -Pruritus all throughout the day and night
TXT: permethrin- only kills live lice therefore the nits (eggs) must be combed out. may need 2
treatments. wash bedding & other items in hot water
Molluscum Contagiosum - ANS -If located in the groin area- possible sexual abuse
Impregnated or dimple lesion
highly contagious
TXT: self-limiting takes a few months
Anthrax - ANS -Cattle Farmer
ulcerated & black lesion that is painless
TXT: CIPRO for at least 2 months. also treated with tetracycline- doxycycline
Hidradenitis Suppurativia - ANS -Recurrent issue- not due to hygiene more linked to genetics
risk factors- smoking & obesity
abscess in the axilla
TXT: I&D & wound culture
Mild= warm compresses and ABX- long term
, Folliculitis - ANS -infection of the hair follicles
TXT: topical mupirocin
Severe- oral ABX penicillin or Keflex
Rosacea - ANS -Erythematous facial rash that does NOT spare the nose
TXT: topical flatly gel
Lupus - ANS -Erythematous facial rash that DOES spare the nasolabial folds (MALAR RASH)
Sjogren's Syndrome - ANS -Very dry eyes & mouth
commonly seen in Lupus
Erysipelas - ANS -Sharply defined with well-defined borders
superficial cellulitis
TXT: Keflex or Penicillin
Purulent Cellulitis - ANS -Possible MRSA
Bactrim
Clindamycin
Doxycycline
Non-Purulent Cellulitis - ANS -Erythematous angry looking swollen
TXT: Keflex or PCN
Geographical tongue - ANS -BENIGN
caused by spicy & hot foods
Leukoplakia - ANS -can not scrape off of tongue
refer to dentists
commonly seen with HIV
Candidiasis - ANS -Can scrape off of tongue
Rubeola - ANS -Measles
starts with a fever, cough, congestion (Coryza) & conjunctivitis (pink watery eyes)- 10 days after
exposure
rash on day 15 when fever breaks
Koplik Spots- mouth tiny sand grains surrounded by erythematous base on the buccal mucosa
(2-3 days after symptoms)
contagious airborne- 1 week after exposure 304 days before rash & 3-4 days after rash
causes PNA & encephalitis
TXT: antipyretics, hydration & rest (days 22-24 rash resolves along w/ measles)
MMR at 12 months & 4 yrs- LIVE vaccine
Aphthous Stomatitis - ANS -inside of the mouth
red base with white ulcer
topical relief
Herpes - ANS -outside of the mouth
painful clustered vesicles on an erythema base
antiviral- valtrex/acyclovir within in 48 to 72 hours
Keratosis Pilaris - ANS -Chicken bumps
seen in children
most of the time will outgrow
rough patches small acne- like bumps from too much keratin blocking hair follicles
TXT: emollients & moisturizers
Impetigo - ANS -Honey crusted lesions
Strep Anginosus & Staph Aureus
Bolus= oral antibiotics
NonBolus= mupirocin/Bactroban ointment
Pityriasis Rosea - ANS -Distributed in Christmas tree pattern
starts with a herald patch
self-limiting
Brown recluse spider bite - ANS -bite becomes under and turns deep purple in color with a
white halo around it
may have systemic symptoms
Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever - ANS -Tic Bite
TXT: Doxycycline- even if pregnant
rash 3-5 days after symptoms on palms of hands and soles of feet
North Carolina
Lyme Disease - ANS -Bull's-eye lesion (Erythema Migraines)
TXT: Doxycycline
Amoxicillin if allergic
Sialolithiasis - ANS -mass under the chin while eating
salivary gland stone
,Actinic keratosis - ANS -dry pink lesions on sun exposed areas
if left untreated may lead to CANCER- squamous cell carcinoma
TXT: 5-FU or cryotherapy
Squamous Cell Carcinoma - ANS -Slow-growing, scale, ulcerated & bleeds easily
DX: BIOPSY
REFER to dermatology
Cafe au Lait Spots - ANS -Benign & do not require interventions unless you have more that 8=
neurofibromatosis
Malignant Melanoma - ANS -Asymmetry
Border irregularity
Color
Diameter > 6mm
Evolving or Elevated above the skin
could also present as a dark spot under the nail that is not related to trauma
Splinter hemorrhage - ANS -black lines under the nail not related to melanoma but caused by
endocarditis
Seborrheic Keratosis - ANS -Pasted on skin lesions
BENIGN- does not need to be removed
Basal Cell Carcinoma - ANS -Most common skin cancer
Telangiectasias= visible blood vessels across the lesion
Shiny, waxy, or pearly in nature
BIOPSY & REFER to DERM
Eczema - ANS -Extremely PRURITIC
commonly found on flexor surfaces
TXT: emollients & Topical steroids
Atopic dermatitis, Asthma & Allergies
Plaque Psoriasis - ANS -Thick Silvery Scales
Auspitz Sign- when the plaques are scratched pinpoint bleeding occurs
Koebner's phenomenon- Trauma to skin leads to plaque forming
TXT: topical steroids & Cole Tar & Refer to Dermatology
Contact Dermatitis - ANS -Linear distribution
TXT: topical steroids & avoid irritant
Shingles - ANS -Across the dermatome
Vascular & burning & tingling at the site prior to rash
,TXT: Acyclovir (CHEAPER)/Valacyclovir
Anywhere close to the eyes- refer to ophthalmology b/c risk for permanent corneal scarring &
blindness
Shingrex- can be given no matter when the last outbreak was b/c inactivated also give at 50
years old
Zostavax- old vaccine & off the market
Stage 1 pressure injury - ANS -red does not blanch
no breaks in the skin
TXT: foam dressings
Unstageable pressure injury - ANS -can not see the depth of the wound bed because of the
presents of a sloth
Eschar on the heel - ANS -typically seen with diabetics
if it is stable with no signs of infections it should not be removed or soaked by the patient
Scabies - ANS -between fingers & toes intensely pruritic & everyone in the house has same
symptoms
TXT: permethrin cream & wash everything in hot water usually have to treat twice to get rid of it
effectively
Chicken Pox - ANS -Lesions in various stages of healing
Varicella Vaccine- LIVE must be 12 months of age
Can return to school when all of the lesions are crusted over
Head Lice - ANS -Pruritus all throughout the day and night
TXT: permethrin- only kills live lice therefore the nits (eggs) must be combed out. may need 2
treatments. wash bedding & other items in hot water
Molluscum Contagiosum - ANS -If located in the groin area- possible sexual abuse
Impregnated or dimple lesion
highly contagious
TXT: self-limiting takes a few months
Anthrax - ANS -Cattle Farmer
ulcerated & black lesion that is painless
TXT: CIPRO for at least 2 months. also treated with tetracycline- doxycycline
Hidradenitis Suppurativia - ANS -Recurrent issue- not due to hygiene more linked to genetics
risk factors- smoking & obesity
abscess in the axilla
TXT: I&D & wound culture
Mild= warm compresses and ABX- long term
, Folliculitis - ANS -infection of the hair follicles
TXT: topical mupirocin
Severe- oral ABX penicillin or Keflex
Rosacea - ANS -Erythematous facial rash that does NOT spare the nose
TXT: topical flatly gel
Lupus - ANS -Erythematous facial rash that DOES spare the nasolabial folds (MALAR RASH)
Sjogren's Syndrome - ANS -Very dry eyes & mouth
commonly seen in Lupus
Erysipelas - ANS -Sharply defined with well-defined borders
superficial cellulitis
TXT: Keflex or Penicillin
Purulent Cellulitis - ANS -Possible MRSA
Bactrim
Clindamycin
Doxycycline
Non-Purulent Cellulitis - ANS -Erythematous angry looking swollen
TXT: Keflex or PCN
Geographical tongue - ANS -BENIGN
caused by spicy & hot foods
Leukoplakia - ANS -can not scrape off of tongue
refer to dentists
commonly seen with HIV
Candidiasis - ANS -Can scrape off of tongue
Rubeola - ANS -Measles
starts with a fever, cough, congestion (Coryza) & conjunctivitis (pink watery eyes)- 10 days after
exposure
rash on day 15 when fever breaks
Koplik Spots- mouth tiny sand grains surrounded by erythematous base on the buccal mucosa
(2-3 days after symptoms)
contagious airborne- 1 week after exposure 304 days before rash & 3-4 days after rash
causes PNA & encephalitis
TXT: antipyretics, hydration & rest (days 22-24 rash resolves along w/ measles)
MMR at 12 months & 4 yrs- LIVE vaccine
