PSYCHOLOGY FINAL EXAM STUDY GUIDE QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 100% PASS

PSYCHOLOGY FINAL EXAM STUDY GUIDE QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 100% PASS 1. What is the definition of psychology? - The scientific study of behavior and mental process 2. What are psychology's basic goals? - Describe predict and explain behavior 3. How did philosophy and physiology contribute to the emergence of psychology as a separate scientific discipline? - "The influence of philosophy on contemporary psychology persists today, as researchers who study emotion still talk about Descartes, and scientists who study happiness often refer to Aristotle" Physiology also contributed to psychology's eventual emergence as a scientific discipline. Early physiological research on the brain and behavior had a dramatic impact on psychology, ultimately contributing to applying scientific methodologies to the study of human thought and behavior. 4. Who is considered the father of psychology and opened the first psychology lab in 1879? - Wilhelm M. Wundt 2100% Pass Guarantee Sophia Bennett, All Rights Reserved © 2025 5. Which contemporary approach to psychology emphasizes that unconscious thoughts and experiences in early childhood are critical in the formation of personality? - psychodynamic 6. Which contemporary approach emphasizes an individual's positive qualities - the capacity for growth, and the freedom to choose one's destiny., Humanistic 7. What are the steps in the scientific method? - Make an observation. Ask a question. Form a hypothesis, or testable explanation. Make a prediction based on the hypothesis. Test the prediction. Iterate: use the results to make new hypotheses or predictions. 8. What does the term critical thinking mean? - the objective analysis and evaluation of an issue in order to form a judgment. 9. What is the behavioral approach to psychology (behaviorism) and what does it emphasize? - school of psychology and theoretical viewpoint that emphasizes the study of observable behaviors, especially as they pertain to the process of learning 10. Who are two key figures in the development of behaviorism? - Watson, Pavlov, and Skinner. 11. What are the four issues addressed by the American Psychological Association (APA) guidelines concerning ethical research? - PRINCIPLE ONE: Minimizing the risk of harm. PRINCIPLE TWO: Obtaining informed consent. PRINCIPLE THREE: 3100% Pass Guarantee Sophia Bennett, All Rights Reserved © 2025 Protecting anonymity and confidentiality. PRINCIPLE FOUR: Avoiding deceptive practices. 12. What is the nervous system and what is the field that studies it? - Neuroscience is the scientific study of the nervous system (the brain, spinal cord, and peripheral nervous system) and its functions. 13. What are afferent nerves and what are efferent nerves? - Afferent neurons are sensory neurons that carry nerve impulses from sensory stimuli towards the central nervous system and brain, while efferent neurons are motor neurons that carry neural impulses away from the central nervous system and towards muscles to cause movement. 14. What are the two main divisions of the nervous system? - The nervous system has two main parts: The central nervous system is made up of the brain and spinal cord. 15. What are the two main divisions of the peripheral nervous system? - The peripheral nervous system is made up of nerves that bra