NU 412 Midterm Test With Complete Solutions
Control, effectiveness - ANSWER Managers place emphasis on _____________, while
leaders put emphasis on maximizing _________________.
Scientific (Management) - ANSWER management theory that involves determining the
most efficient way to do something; matching employees to a job, task oriented,
disciplinarian manager
Planning, organizing, staffing, directing, controlling - ANSWER List the steps of the
management process according to Fayol (POSDC)
Planning - ANSWER step of the management process that involves setting
objectives/policies, etc.
Organizing - ANSWER step of the management process that involves implementing the
plan; determining how to fulfill the objective
Staffing - ANSWER step of the management process that involves hiring, firing,
scheduling & performance review
Directing - ANSWER step of the management process that involves communication and
delegation
Controlling - ANSWER step of the management process that involves managing the
budget and performing discipline
Human Relations - ANSWER before the ____________ ___________ Era (1930-1970),
previous theories failed to provide the human element
Participative (Management) - ANSWER type of management in which the employees and
the manager are involved in the management
Hawthorne (studies) - ANSWER studies that found employees are more productive when
they are being studied/paid attention
McGregor - ANSWER man that enforced participative management & Hawthorne
Studies; theory X & Y managers
(Theory) X - ANSWER type of manager that believes people do not want to work; highly
detailed, authoritarian, domineering, micromanager
(Theory) Y - ANSWER Type of manager that believes work can be motivating; manager
just has to give employees motivation and tools needed to do the job
Leadership, clinical expertise, business sense - ANSWER list the three qualities of an
effective nurse manager (LCB)
,Conflict negotiation, employee development, rewards (& punishments), networking -
ANSWER list the interpersonal behaviors of an effective manager (CERN)
Spokesperson, monitoring, dissemination - ANSWER List the informational behaviors of
an effective manager (SMD)
Great Man (Theory) - ANSWER leadership theory that believes that great men will bring
about great times
Trait (Theory) - ANSWER leadership theory that believes that great leaders are born, not
made
Behavioral (Theory) - ANSWER theory developed by Lewin, White & Lippitt; developed 3
leadership styles
Authoritarian (Autocratic) - ANSWER leadership style with high productivity & low
morale; employees with insecurity thrive
Democratic - ANSWER leadership style with low productivity & increased morale, job
satisfaction, conflict & independence
Laissez-Faire - ANSWER leadership style with no guidance or direction; decreased
morale, productivity and communication; can be successful if individuals are very
independent and motivated
Situational (Contingency) (Leadership) - ANSWER type of leadership that changes
based on the situation; influenced by size, maturity, education, abilities of group; as well
as organization structure, tasks to be accomplished and the degree of stress in the
situation
Transactional (leader) - ANSWER a traditional leader with concerns for day to day
operations
Transformational (leader) - ANSWER a leader that empowers and inspires; focus is more
on relationships than tasks
Oxygen, LOC, respiratory - ANSWER Indications for drawing an ABG include: low
________ sat, decreased ___, and __________ distress.
35-45 - ANSWER what is the normal range for pCO2
22-26 - ANSWER what is the normal range for bicarbonate?
80-100 - ANSWER what is the normal range for paO2?
95% - ANSWER the normal range for SaO2 is >__%
H, slow, metabolic acidosis - ANSWER The kidneys remove _+ in a _____ process; if they
fail to do this, _________ _________ (metabolic/respiratory acidosis/alkalosis) will result.
, CO2, fast, respiratory acidosis - ANSWER The lungs remove ___ in a ____ process; if they
fail to do this, __________ ____________ will result (metabolic/respiratory
acidosis/alkalosis)
PaO2 - ANSWER what measurement measures the amount of oxygen that is dissolved
into plasma? (it is not helpful in knowing the patient's status; used mostly for ventilation
therapy
SaO2 - ANSWER what measurement is the amount of oxygen bound to Hgb?
DKA, renal, drugs, pneumothorax, PNA, starvation - ANSWER Causes of metabolic
acidosis include (D)___, _______ failure, _____ that damage the kidneys, (P)___________ or
P__, and (S)__________.
Salicylate, narcotics, pepto-bismol, benzodiazepines - ANSWER Medications that can
damage the kidneys and cause metabolic acidosis include: ___________ OD,
(N)___________, OD on ______________, and (B)_______________.
LOC, shallow, kussmaul, hypoxia, hyperkalemia - ANSWER Clinical manifestations of
metabolic acidosis include a change in ___ (drowsy, lethargic, fatigued), rapid/_______
breathing (____________ respirations), (H)________, and (H)____________.
Restlessness, tachycardia - ANSWER list two early signs of hypoxia
Vomiting, diarrhea, decompression, antacids, potassium wasting - ANSWER Metabolic
alkalosis can occur d/t excessive __________ and ________, (D)_____________, and by
taking (A)_________ or __________ ___________ diuretics.
Hypokalemia, agitation, confusion - ANSWER Clinical manifestations of metabolic
alkalosis include (H)____________, (A)__________ and (C)___________
Metabolic alkalosis - ANSWER what pH imbalance is associated with hypokalemia?
Arrhythmias, seizures, twitching - ANSWER S&Sx of hypokalemia include
(A)____________, (S)__________ and muscle ___________.
Anesthesia, trauma, obstruction, COPD, neuromuscular - ANSWER Causes of
hypoventilation (resulting in respiratory acidosis) include drug OD, (A)___________,
head/chest _______, airway __________, (C)_____, and _____________ disease.
Confusion, restlessness, HA, tachycardia - ANSWER Clinical manifestations of
respiratory acidosis include #1: ___________, (R)___________, (H)__, and (T)____________.
Anemia, hypoxia, altitudes - ANSWER Causes of hyperventilation (resulting in
respiratory alkalosis) include: anxiety, pain, severe ________, (H)_______ and high
____________.
Control, effectiveness - ANSWER Managers place emphasis on _____________, while
leaders put emphasis on maximizing _________________.
Scientific (Management) - ANSWER management theory that involves determining the
most efficient way to do something; matching employees to a job, task oriented,
disciplinarian manager
Planning, organizing, staffing, directing, controlling - ANSWER List the steps of the
management process according to Fayol (POSDC)
Planning - ANSWER step of the management process that involves setting
objectives/policies, etc.
Organizing - ANSWER step of the management process that involves implementing the
plan; determining how to fulfill the objective
Staffing - ANSWER step of the management process that involves hiring, firing,
scheduling & performance review
Directing - ANSWER step of the management process that involves communication and
delegation
Controlling - ANSWER step of the management process that involves managing the
budget and performing discipline
Human Relations - ANSWER before the ____________ ___________ Era (1930-1970),
previous theories failed to provide the human element
Participative (Management) - ANSWER type of management in which the employees and
the manager are involved in the management
Hawthorne (studies) - ANSWER studies that found employees are more productive when
they are being studied/paid attention
McGregor - ANSWER man that enforced participative management & Hawthorne
Studies; theory X & Y managers
(Theory) X - ANSWER type of manager that believes people do not want to work; highly
detailed, authoritarian, domineering, micromanager
(Theory) Y - ANSWER Type of manager that believes work can be motivating; manager
just has to give employees motivation and tools needed to do the job
Leadership, clinical expertise, business sense - ANSWER list the three qualities of an
effective nurse manager (LCB)
,Conflict negotiation, employee development, rewards (& punishments), networking -
ANSWER list the interpersonal behaviors of an effective manager (CERN)
Spokesperson, monitoring, dissemination - ANSWER List the informational behaviors of
an effective manager (SMD)
Great Man (Theory) - ANSWER leadership theory that believes that great men will bring
about great times
Trait (Theory) - ANSWER leadership theory that believes that great leaders are born, not
made
Behavioral (Theory) - ANSWER theory developed by Lewin, White & Lippitt; developed 3
leadership styles
Authoritarian (Autocratic) - ANSWER leadership style with high productivity & low
morale; employees with insecurity thrive
Democratic - ANSWER leadership style with low productivity & increased morale, job
satisfaction, conflict & independence
Laissez-Faire - ANSWER leadership style with no guidance or direction; decreased
morale, productivity and communication; can be successful if individuals are very
independent and motivated
Situational (Contingency) (Leadership) - ANSWER type of leadership that changes
based on the situation; influenced by size, maturity, education, abilities of group; as well
as organization structure, tasks to be accomplished and the degree of stress in the
situation
Transactional (leader) - ANSWER a traditional leader with concerns for day to day
operations
Transformational (leader) - ANSWER a leader that empowers and inspires; focus is more
on relationships than tasks
Oxygen, LOC, respiratory - ANSWER Indications for drawing an ABG include: low
________ sat, decreased ___, and __________ distress.
35-45 - ANSWER what is the normal range for pCO2
22-26 - ANSWER what is the normal range for bicarbonate?
80-100 - ANSWER what is the normal range for paO2?
95% - ANSWER the normal range for SaO2 is >__%
H, slow, metabolic acidosis - ANSWER The kidneys remove _+ in a _____ process; if they
fail to do this, _________ _________ (metabolic/respiratory acidosis/alkalosis) will result.
, CO2, fast, respiratory acidosis - ANSWER The lungs remove ___ in a ____ process; if they
fail to do this, __________ ____________ will result (metabolic/respiratory
acidosis/alkalosis)
PaO2 - ANSWER what measurement measures the amount of oxygen that is dissolved
into plasma? (it is not helpful in knowing the patient's status; used mostly for ventilation
therapy
SaO2 - ANSWER what measurement is the amount of oxygen bound to Hgb?
DKA, renal, drugs, pneumothorax, PNA, starvation - ANSWER Causes of metabolic
acidosis include (D)___, _______ failure, _____ that damage the kidneys, (P)___________ or
P__, and (S)__________.
Salicylate, narcotics, pepto-bismol, benzodiazepines - ANSWER Medications that can
damage the kidneys and cause metabolic acidosis include: ___________ OD,
(N)___________, OD on ______________, and (B)_______________.
LOC, shallow, kussmaul, hypoxia, hyperkalemia - ANSWER Clinical manifestations of
metabolic acidosis include a change in ___ (drowsy, lethargic, fatigued), rapid/_______
breathing (____________ respirations), (H)________, and (H)____________.
Restlessness, tachycardia - ANSWER list two early signs of hypoxia
Vomiting, diarrhea, decompression, antacids, potassium wasting - ANSWER Metabolic
alkalosis can occur d/t excessive __________ and ________, (D)_____________, and by
taking (A)_________ or __________ ___________ diuretics.
Hypokalemia, agitation, confusion - ANSWER Clinical manifestations of metabolic
alkalosis include (H)____________, (A)__________ and (C)___________
Metabolic alkalosis - ANSWER what pH imbalance is associated with hypokalemia?
Arrhythmias, seizures, twitching - ANSWER S&Sx of hypokalemia include
(A)____________, (S)__________ and muscle ___________.
Anesthesia, trauma, obstruction, COPD, neuromuscular - ANSWER Causes of
hypoventilation (resulting in respiratory acidosis) include drug OD, (A)___________,
head/chest _______, airway __________, (C)_____, and _____________ disease.
Confusion, restlessness, HA, tachycardia - ANSWER Clinical manifestations of
respiratory acidosis include #1: ___________, (R)___________, (H)__, and (T)____________.
Anemia, hypoxia, altitudes - ANSWER Causes of hyperventilation (resulting in
respiratory alkalosis) include: anxiety, pain, severe ________, (H)_______ and high
____________.
