Iowa State Bio 212 Exam 3 with
complete solutions
autocrine signals - Correct Answers -act on the same cell that secretes them
paracrine signals - Correct Answers -diffuse to and affect nearby cells
endocrine signals - Correct Answers -hormones carried between distant cells by blood
or other bodily fluids
neural signals - Correct Answers -diffuse a short distance between neurons
neuroendocrine signals (neurohormones) - Correct Answers -hormones released from
neurons
negative feedback - Correct Answers -response in which the product of a process
inhibits its production
positive feedback - Correct Answers -response in which the product of a process
stimulates its production
endocrine glands - Correct Answers -organs that secrete hormones into the
bloodstream
exocrine glands - Correct Answers -organs that secretes some substance through a
duct into a space other than the circulatory system
Neural tube - Correct Answers -folded tube in ectoderm that becomes the brain and
spinal cord
Somites - Correct Answers -Blocks in the mesoderm that develop into muscles, ribs,
and skin
Follicle - Correct Answers -sac of supportive cells that also contain an egg
Puberty - Correct Answers -the transition from juvenile to adult
Menstrual cycle - Correct Answers -the expulsion of the uterine line
, Follicular phase - Correct Answers -the phase where the follicle matures and last about
14 days
hormone receptors - Correct Answers -protein to which a hormone binds to either inside
the cell or attached to the cell
growth hormone - Correct Answers -peptide hormone that promotes lengthening of the
long bones in children and muscle growth, tissue repair, and lactation in adult
epinephrine - Correct Answers -hormone produced and secreted by the adrenal medulla
that triggers the flight-or-fight response
cortisol - Correct Answers -hormone produced and secreted by the adrenal cortex that
mediates the body's long-term stress response
hormone-response element - Correct Answers -specific sequence in DNA to which a
hormone-receptor complex can bind and affect gene transcription
signal transduction - Correct Answers -process by which a stimulus (ex. hormone or
neurotransmitter) outside a cell is converted to an intracellular required for a cellular
response
second messenger - Correct Answers -nonprotein signaling molecule that increases in
concentration within a cell in response to a signaling molecule that binds to the surface
of the cell
phosphorylase - Correct Answers -enzyme that breaks down glycogen by catalyzing
hydrolysis of the alpha-glycosidic linkages between glucose molecules
Cyclic AMP - Correct Answers -a small molecule, derived from ATP, that is widely used
by cells in signal transduction and transcriptional control
Signal transduction cascade - Correct Answers -enzyme-catalyzed phosphorylation
reactions commonly used in signal transduction pathways to amplify and convey a
signal inward from the plasma membrane
Fight-or-flight response - Correct Answers -rapid physiological changes that prepare the
body for emergencies. Includesincreased heart rate, increased blood pressure, and
decreased digestion
Glucocorticoid - Correct Answers -any steroid hormone, produced and secreted by the
adrenal cortex, that increases blood glucose concentration and mediate the body's long-
term stress response
Homeostasis - Correct Answers -the maintenance of relatively constant physical and
chemical conditions inside the body
complete solutions
autocrine signals - Correct Answers -act on the same cell that secretes them
paracrine signals - Correct Answers -diffuse to and affect nearby cells
endocrine signals - Correct Answers -hormones carried between distant cells by blood
or other bodily fluids
neural signals - Correct Answers -diffuse a short distance between neurons
neuroendocrine signals (neurohormones) - Correct Answers -hormones released from
neurons
negative feedback - Correct Answers -response in which the product of a process
inhibits its production
positive feedback - Correct Answers -response in which the product of a process
stimulates its production
endocrine glands - Correct Answers -organs that secrete hormones into the
bloodstream
exocrine glands - Correct Answers -organs that secretes some substance through a
duct into a space other than the circulatory system
Neural tube - Correct Answers -folded tube in ectoderm that becomes the brain and
spinal cord
Somites - Correct Answers -Blocks in the mesoderm that develop into muscles, ribs,
and skin
Follicle - Correct Answers -sac of supportive cells that also contain an egg
Puberty - Correct Answers -the transition from juvenile to adult
Menstrual cycle - Correct Answers -the expulsion of the uterine line
, Follicular phase - Correct Answers -the phase where the follicle matures and last about
14 days
hormone receptors - Correct Answers -protein to which a hormone binds to either inside
the cell or attached to the cell
growth hormone - Correct Answers -peptide hormone that promotes lengthening of the
long bones in children and muscle growth, tissue repair, and lactation in adult
epinephrine - Correct Answers -hormone produced and secreted by the adrenal medulla
that triggers the flight-or-fight response
cortisol - Correct Answers -hormone produced and secreted by the adrenal cortex that
mediates the body's long-term stress response
hormone-response element - Correct Answers -specific sequence in DNA to which a
hormone-receptor complex can bind and affect gene transcription
signal transduction - Correct Answers -process by which a stimulus (ex. hormone or
neurotransmitter) outside a cell is converted to an intracellular required for a cellular
response
second messenger - Correct Answers -nonprotein signaling molecule that increases in
concentration within a cell in response to a signaling molecule that binds to the surface
of the cell
phosphorylase - Correct Answers -enzyme that breaks down glycogen by catalyzing
hydrolysis of the alpha-glycosidic linkages between glucose molecules
Cyclic AMP - Correct Answers -a small molecule, derived from ATP, that is widely used
by cells in signal transduction and transcriptional control
Signal transduction cascade - Correct Answers -enzyme-catalyzed phosphorylation
reactions commonly used in signal transduction pathways to amplify and convey a
signal inward from the plasma membrane
Fight-or-flight response - Correct Answers -rapid physiological changes that prepare the
body for emergencies. Includesincreased heart rate, increased blood pressure, and
decreased digestion
Glucocorticoid - Correct Answers -any steroid hormone, produced and secreted by the
adrenal cortex, that increases blood glucose concentration and mediate the body's long-
term stress response
Homeostasis - Correct Answers -the maintenance of relatively constant physical and
chemical conditions inside the body
