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BIO 1500 Exam #2 Questions And Answers
|Latest 2025 | Guaranteed Pass
Some functions of _____ include: anchorage, absorption of water and minerals for the plant. -
Answer✔roots
Some functions of ______ include: photosynthesis, support, transport of water + minerals, and
reproduction. - Answer✔shoots
Animal cells lack _______ ________, which act as water storage centers for plant cells. -
Answer✔central vacuoles
Animal cells lack ____________, which transform sunlight into sugars for the plant to use as
food. - Answer✔chloroplasts
Animal cells lack _______ ____ _____, which are extensible and comprised of cellulose fibers. -
Answer✔primary cell walls
Primary cell walls are thin, flexible, and able to be extended, while secondary cell walls are
_____ and thicker. - Answer✔stiff
Secondary cell walls contain ______ that provides strength and structure. - Answer✔liguin
Meristems are significant to plants because these tissues are essential to _____ ______. -
Answer✔plant growth
Meristem cells divide by mitosis into two different types of cells. ________________ cells are
the cells that continue to divide and give rise to other cells. - Answer✔Undifferentiated (aka
meristem cells)
________________ cells are produced from meristem cells dividing by mitosis, and are
specialized for a particular function and do not continue to divide. - Answer✔Differentiated
______ _________ are found in the toot and shoot apexes and cause the roots and shoots to
increase in length. - Answer✔Apical meristems
All plants have ______ meristems, therefore, all plants can increase in length. - Answer✔apical
1|Page
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_______ _________ are found in the vascular and cork cambium and cause the roots and stems
to increase in girth (width). - Answer✔Lateral meristems
Increase in the ______ of the shoot and root is known as primary growth. - Answer✔length
Increase in the ______ of the shoot and root is known as secondary growth. - Answer✔width
(or girth)
______ _________ give rise to three primary meristem tissues: dermal, ground, and vascular
tissues. - Answer✔Apical meristems
________ gives rise to dermal tissues. - Answer✔Protoderm
______ ________ differentiates into ground tissues. - Answer✔Ground meristem
__________ gives rise to vascular tissues. - Answer✔Procambium
______ tissues are complex, and provides protection to the plant. They're also known as a
plant's "skin". - Answer✔Dermal
______ tissues are simple, and function in storage, photosynthesis, and support to a plant. -
Answer✔Ground
________ tissues are complex, and conduct water and nutrients throughout a plant. -
Answer✔Vascular
One of the types of cells found in ground tissue, known as __________, are loosely packed, only
a primary cell wall, are alive at maturity, and some contain chloroplasts. - Answer✔parenchyma
What are chlorenchyma? - Answer✔A special type of parenchyma that contain chloroplasts.
One of the types of cells found in ground tissue, known as __________, function in storage,
secretion, photosynthesis, wound repair, and reproduction for a plant. - Answer✔parenchyma
One of the types of cells found in ground tissue, known as ___________, contain only a primary
cell wall, and are alive at maturity. - Answer✔collenchyma
One of the types of cells found in ground tissue, known as ___________, function in support for
a plant. - Answer✔collenchyma
One of the types of cells found in ground tissue, known as ____________, contain both primary
and secondary cell walls, and are dead at maturity. - Answer✔sclerenchyma
One of the types of cells found in ground tissue, known as ____________, include fibers and
sclerids (stone cells) that function in strength and mechanical protection for plants. -
Answer✔sclerenchyma
Ground cells that are alive at maturity have ___________ that form in the cell walls. -
Answer✔protoplasts (nucleus and chloroplasm)
2|Page
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The type of vascular tissue known as _____ conducts water and dissolved minerals from roots
to shoots. - Answer✔xylem
The type of vascular tissue known as ______ distributes sugars throughout the plant. -
Answer✔phloem
One of the conducting cells found in xylem, _______, are continuous tubes formed from dead
members arranged end-to-end and contain perforation plates that separates one member from
the other. - Answer✔vessels
One of the conducting cells found in xylem, ________, are elongated dead cells with tapering
ends that contain pits. - Answer✔tracheids
Xylem consists of several types of cells, including: __________ cells, ____________ fibers, and
__________ cells. - Answer✔conducting cells, sclerenchyma fibers, and parenchyma cells.
In the phloem of angiosperms, there are _____ tubes and _________ cells. - Answer✔sieve
tubes and companion cells.
In the phloem of gymnosperms and seedless plants, there are _____ cells and __________ cells.
- Answer✔sieve cells and albuminous cells.
The vascular tissue _____ is dead at maturity, have both primary and secondary cell walls, and
contain pits. - Answer✔xylem
The vascular tissue ______ is alive at maturity, have only a primary cell wall, and contains
plasmodesma. - Answer✔phloem
The dermal tissue, the _________, of plants serves many functions of a plant, including:
minimizing water loss, regulating gas exchange, secreting metabolic compounds, and absorbing
water and mineral nutrients. - Answer✔epidermis
_____ helps regulate gas exchange in leaves. - Answer✔Stoma
_____ _____ open and close the stoma. - Answer✔Guard cells
Hair-like outgrowths of the epidermis that function in protection from overheating and
deterring herbivores, are known as _________. - Answer✔trichomes
____ ______, are tubular extensions of individual epidermal cells, and increase the root's
surface area and efficiency of absorption. - Answer✔Root cells
The ____ ___ is one of the regions of a developing root that functions in: protecting the root
apical meristem, lubricating the root by producing mucigel, and perceiving gravity. -
Answer✔root cap
The ____ of ____ ________ is one of the regions of a developing root that is derived from rapid
divisions of the root apical meristem. In this region, apical meristem daughter cells soon
subdivide into the three primary tissues. - Answer✔zone of cell division
3|Page
BIO 1500 Exam #2 Questions And Answers
|Latest 2025 | Guaranteed Pass
Some functions of _____ include: anchorage, absorption of water and minerals for the plant. -
Answer✔roots
Some functions of ______ include: photosynthesis, support, transport of water + minerals, and
reproduction. - Answer✔shoots
Animal cells lack _______ ________, which act as water storage centers for plant cells. -
Answer✔central vacuoles
Animal cells lack ____________, which transform sunlight into sugars for the plant to use as
food. - Answer✔chloroplasts
Animal cells lack _______ ____ _____, which are extensible and comprised of cellulose fibers. -
Answer✔primary cell walls
Primary cell walls are thin, flexible, and able to be extended, while secondary cell walls are
_____ and thicker. - Answer✔stiff
Secondary cell walls contain ______ that provides strength and structure. - Answer✔liguin
Meristems are significant to plants because these tissues are essential to _____ ______. -
Answer✔plant growth
Meristem cells divide by mitosis into two different types of cells. ________________ cells are
the cells that continue to divide and give rise to other cells. - Answer✔Undifferentiated (aka
meristem cells)
________________ cells are produced from meristem cells dividing by mitosis, and are
specialized for a particular function and do not continue to divide. - Answer✔Differentiated
______ _________ are found in the toot and shoot apexes and cause the roots and shoots to
increase in length. - Answer✔Apical meristems
All plants have ______ meristems, therefore, all plants can increase in length. - Answer✔apical
1|Page
, ©THESTAR 2024/2025 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 1:27PM. A+
_______ _________ are found in the vascular and cork cambium and cause the roots and stems
to increase in girth (width). - Answer✔Lateral meristems
Increase in the ______ of the shoot and root is known as primary growth. - Answer✔length
Increase in the ______ of the shoot and root is known as secondary growth. - Answer✔width
(or girth)
______ _________ give rise to three primary meristem tissues: dermal, ground, and vascular
tissues. - Answer✔Apical meristems
________ gives rise to dermal tissues. - Answer✔Protoderm
______ ________ differentiates into ground tissues. - Answer✔Ground meristem
__________ gives rise to vascular tissues. - Answer✔Procambium
______ tissues are complex, and provides protection to the plant. They're also known as a
plant's "skin". - Answer✔Dermal
______ tissues are simple, and function in storage, photosynthesis, and support to a plant. -
Answer✔Ground
________ tissues are complex, and conduct water and nutrients throughout a plant. -
Answer✔Vascular
One of the types of cells found in ground tissue, known as __________, are loosely packed, only
a primary cell wall, are alive at maturity, and some contain chloroplasts. - Answer✔parenchyma
What are chlorenchyma? - Answer✔A special type of parenchyma that contain chloroplasts.
One of the types of cells found in ground tissue, known as __________, function in storage,
secretion, photosynthesis, wound repair, and reproduction for a plant. - Answer✔parenchyma
One of the types of cells found in ground tissue, known as ___________, contain only a primary
cell wall, and are alive at maturity. - Answer✔collenchyma
One of the types of cells found in ground tissue, known as ___________, function in support for
a plant. - Answer✔collenchyma
One of the types of cells found in ground tissue, known as ____________, contain both primary
and secondary cell walls, and are dead at maturity. - Answer✔sclerenchyma
One of the types of cells found in ground tissue, known as ____________, include fibers and
sclerids (stone cells) that function in strength and mechanical protection for plants. -
Answer✔sclerenchyma
Ground cells that are alive at maturity have ___________ that form in the cell walls. -
Answer✔protoplasts (nucleus and chloroplasm)
2|Page
, ©THESTAR 2024/2025 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 1:27PM. A+
The type of vascular tissue known as _____ conducts water and dissolved minerals from roots
to shoots. - Answer✔xylem
The type of vascular tissue known as ______ distributes sugars throughout the plant. -
Answer✔phloem
One of the conducting cells found in xylem, _______, are continuous tubes formed from dead
members arranged end-to-end and contain perforation plates that separates one member from
the other. - Answer✔vessels
One of the conducting cells found in xylem, ________, are elongated dead cells with tapering
ends that contain pits. - Answer✔tracheids
Xylem consists of several types of cells, including: __________ cells, ____________ fibers, and
__________ cells. - Answer✔conducting cells, sclerenchyma fibers, and parenchyma cells.
In the phloem of angiosperms, there are _____ tubes and _________ cells. - Answer✔sieve
tubes and companion cells.
In the phloem of gymnosperms and seedless plants, there are _____ cells and __________ cells.
- Answer✔sieve cells and albuminous cells.
The vascular tissue _____ is dead at maturity, have both primary and secondary cell walls, and
contain pits. - Answer✔xylem
The vascular tissue ______ is alive at maturity, have only a primary cell wall, and contains
plasmodesma. - Answer✔phloem
The dermal tissue, the _________, of plants serves many functions of a plant, including:
minimizing water loss, regulating gas exchange, secreting metabolic compounds, and absorbing
water and mineral nutrients. - Answer✔epidermis
_____ helps regulate gas exchange in leaves. - Answer✔Stoma
_____ _____ open and close the stoma. - Answer✔Guard cells
Hair-like outgrowths of the epidermis that function in protection from overheating and
deterring herbivores, are known as _________. - Answer✔trichomes
____ ______, are tubular extensions of individual epidermal cells, and increase the root's
surface area and efficiency of absorption. - Answer✔Root cells
The ____ ___ is one of the regions of a developing root that functions in: protecting the root
apical meristem, lubricating the root by producing mucigel, and perceiving gravity. -
Answer✔root cap
The ____ of ____ ________ is one of the regions of a developing root that is derived from rapid
divisions of the root apical meristem. In this region, apical meristem daughter cells soon
subdivide into the three primary tissues. - Answer✔zone of cell division
3|Page
