NR 341/ NR341 COMPLEX ADULT HEALTH EXAM 1 AND EXAM 2 LATEST SOLUTION REAL EXAM
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
Indication for arterial line placement? - correct answer Hemodynamic monitoring
Multiple blood samples
Diagnostic or interventional radiology procedures
Continuous cardiac output monitoring
What test must be preformed prior to an arterial line placement? - correct answer Allen's test
How often should a fast flush test be preformed? - correct answer Every 8 hours
After blood draws
If the hemodynamic status changes
When changing tubing
What are the most common sites for arterial line insertion? - correct answer Radial
Femoral
Axillary
Dorsalis Pedis
Brachial Arteries
Positioning for radial arterial line placement: - correct answer 30-60 degrees of dorsiflexion
with the aid of a roll of gauze and an armband.
Avoid hyperabduction of the thumb.
How often should the atrial line catheter be changed out? - correct answer Every 7 days
Causes of inaccuracy in arterial line readings: - correct answer Air bubbles in the catheter
system
Failure to zero the transducer air-fluid interface
Blood in the catheter system
Blood clot at the catheter tip
Kinking of the tubing system
Catheter tip lodging against the arterial wall
Soft, compliant tubing
Long tubing
Too many stopckcks (>3)
,NR 341/ NR341 COMPLEX ADULT HEALTH EXAM 1 AND EXAM 2 LATEST SOLUTION REAL EXAM
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
What is the pathology of afterload? - correct answer The pressure in which the heart must
pump against in order to eject blood during systole.
Medications that reduce afterload/preload include? - correct answer Vasodilators
What is the pathology of preload? - correct answer The filling pressure of the heart at end of
diastole.
What is systemic vascular resistance (SVR)? - correct answer Resistance the left ventricle must
overcome to open the aortic valve and eject a volume of blood into systemic circulation.
Systemic vascular resistance (SVR) is used for what calculations? - correct answer Blood
pressure
Blood flow
Cardiac function
What is pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR)? - correct answer Resistacne the right ventricle
must overcome to open the pulmonic valve and eject a volume of blood in the pulmonary
vasculature.
What is pulmonarartery occlusion pressure (PAOP)? - correct answer The pressure created by
the volume of blood that remains in the left heart at end-diastole.
Inotropic drugs mode of action: - correct answer Negative inotropic drugs weaken the force of
muscular contractions.
Positive inotropic drugs increase the strength of muscular contractions.
Inotropic drug examples: - correct answer Dobutamine
Digoxin
Milrinone
Dopamine
Vasodilator mode of actions: - correct answer Relaxes the smooth muscles of the blood vessels
opening them up.
Vasodilator drug examples: - correct answer CCBS:
Verapamil (Calan, Isoptin)
Diltiazem (Cardizem)
Atorvastatin (Lipitor)
Nitrates:
, NR 341/ NR341 COMPLEX ADULT HEALTH EXAM 1 AND EXAM 2 LATEST SOLUTION REAL EXAM
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
Sildenafil (Viagra)
Nitroprusside (Nipride, Nitropress)
ACE:
Captopril (Capoten)
Lisinopril (Prinivil, Zestril)
Kayexalate - correct answer Exchanges K+ ions for Na+
Excess K+ ions are fecally excreted
Calcium Gluconate - correct answer Prevents and treats cardiac toxicity related to increased K+
levels
What is the purpose of Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy (CRRT)? - correct answer
Dialysis
This is a blood filtering therapy that replaced the normal blood-filtering function of the kidneys
in patients with renal failure and acute kidney injuries.
The prerenal system - correct answer Delivers blood to the kidneys.
A prerenal block is: - correct answer An interruption on the way to the kidneys.
The intrarenal system - correct answer Processes ultra-filtrate by tubular secretion & re-
absorption.
An intrarenal block is: - correct answer Direct damage to the kidneys.
The postrenal system - correct answer Excretes kidney waste products through the ureters,
bladder, and urethra.
A postrenal block is: - correct answer Obstruction of urine output.
Causes:
Enlarged prostate
Kidney stones
Bladder tumor
Bladder injury
S/SX of the oliguric phase of acute kidney injury (AKI): - correct answer <400 mL/24hr
Increase BUN, Cr, uric acid, K, Mg
Metabolic Acidosis
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
Indication for arterial line placement? - correct answer Hemodynamic monitoring
Multiple blood samples
Diagnostic or interventional radiology procedures
Continuous cardiac output monitoring
What test must be preformed prior to an arterial line placement? - correct answer Allen's test
How often should a fast flush test be preformed? - correct answer Every 8 hours
After blood draws
If the hemodynamic status changes
When changing tubing
What are the most common sites for arterial line insertion? - correct answer Radial
Femoral
Axillary
Dorsalis Pedis
Brachial Arteries
Positioning for radial arterial line placement: - correct answer 30-60 degrees of dorsiflexion
with the aid of a roll of gauze and an armband.
Avoid hyperabduction of the thumb.
How often should the atrial line catheter be changed out? - correct answer Every 7 days
Causes of inaccuracy in arterial line readings: - correct answer Air bubbles in the catheter
system
Failure to zero the transducer air-fluid interface
Blood in the catheter system
Blood clot at the catheter tip
Kinking of the tubing system
Catheter tip lodging against the arterial wall
Soft, compliant tubing
Long tubing
Too many stopckcks (>3)
,NR 341/ NR341 COMPLEX ADULT HEALTH EXAM 1 AND EXAM 2 LATEST SOLUTION REAL EXAM
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
What is the pathology of afterload? - correct answer The pressure in which the heart must
pump against in order to eject blood during systole.
Medications that reduce afterload/preload include? - correct answer Vasodilators
What is the pathology of preload? - correct answer The filling pressure of the heart at end of
diastole.
What is systemic vascular resistance (SVR)? - correct answer Resistance the left ventricle must
overcome to open the aortic valve and eject a volume of blood into systemic circulation.
Systemic vascular resistance (SVR) is used for what calculations? - correct answer Blood
pressure
Blood flow
Cardiac function
What is pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR)? - correct answer Resistacne the right ventricle
must overcome to open the pulmonic valve and eject a volume of blood in the pulmonary
vasculature.
What is pulmonarartery occlusion pressure (PAOP)? - correct answer The pressure created by
the volume of blood that remains in the left heart at end-diastole.
Inotropic drugs mode of action: - correct answer Negative inotropic drugs weaken the force of
muscular contractions.
Positive inotropic drugs increase the strength of muscular contractions.
Inotropic drug examples: - correct answer Dobutamine
Digoxin
Milrinone
Dopamine
Vasodilator mode of actions: - correct answer Relaxes the smooth muscles of the blood vessels
opening them up.
Vasodilator drug examples: - correct answer CCBS:
Verapamil (Calan, Isoptin)
Diltiazem (Cardizem)
Atorvastatin (Lipitor)
Nitrates:
, NR 341/ NR341 COMPLEX ADULT HEALTH EXAM 1 AND EXAM 2 LATEST SOLUTION REAL EXAM
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
Sildenafil (Viagra)
Nitroprusside (Nipride, Nitropress)
ACE:
Captopril (Capoten)
Lisinopril (Prinivil, Zestril)
Kayexalate - correct answer Exchanges K+ ions for Na+
Excess K+ ions are fecally excreted
Calcium Gluconate - correct answer Prevents and treats cardiac toxicity related to increased K+
levels
What is the purpose of Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy (CRRT)? - correct answer
Dialysis
This is a blood filtering therapy that replaced the normal blood-filtering function of the kidneys
in patients with renal failure and acute kidney injuries.
The prerenal system - correct answer Delivers blood to the kidneys.
A prerenal block is: - correct answer An interruption on the way to the kidneys.
The intrarenal system - correct answer Processes ultra-filtrate by tubular secretion & re-
absorption.
An intrarenal block is: - correct answer Direct damage to the kidneys.
The postrenal system - correct answer Excretes kidney waste products through the ureters,
bladder, and urethra.
A postrenal block is: - correct answer Obstruction of urine output.
Causes:
Enlarged prostate
Kidney stones
Bladder tumor
Bladder injury
S/SX of the oliguric phase of acute kidney injury (AKI): - correct answer <400 mL/24hr
Increase BUN, Cr, uric acid, K, Mg
Metabolic Acidosis
