SHS 222 Final Exam | Complete Solutions (Answered)

SHS 222 Final Exam | Complete Solutions (Answered) Which of the following is not a core value of the Deaf community? a. Information sharing b. Full access to communication c. Attending residential schools d. Self-determination e. Healthy identity formation The first institutes for the deaf in the United States used a. speech b. sign language 1964 Deaf telephone Robert Weitbrecht invented the a. first pager b. first teletypewriter c. first closed captioning for tv What percentage of deaf people are born to deaf parents? a. 90 percent b. 45 percent c. 25 percent d. 10 percent Bell stated that the procreation of undesirable children would weaken the community and undermine the human race. True To many Deaf people, Hard-of-Hearing signals a. someone who by definition hears well b. someone whose experiences are closer to those of hearing people c. someone who has by definition had a cochlear implant Deaf people want you to see them as having a physical handicap, as being not normal, and as wanted to be cured. False Deaf leaders found it obvious that oralism fed into the eugenics movement. False Laurent Clerc brought ____________ to the United States. a. Caribbean Sign Language b. French Sign Language c. American Sign Language After the rally, students a. were eager to become more involved in the politics of their university b. felt indifferent c. were repelled by the politics at their university An example of a regional difference in language can be found in the phonological system of the language. For example, someone from New York may have one type of accent, and someone from North Carolina may have another. Do these types of differences exist in ASL? a. Yes, of course. Phonology exists in ASL, and there is no reason a signed language wouldn't have phonological variation just as a spoken language does. b. No, how could they if we're talking about phonology? Many sentences in ASL employ topic-comment structure. Which of the following sentences from spoken English in the New York/New Jersey area of the US would fall into this category? a. You talkin' to me? b. Fuhgeddaboudit, we're going to the City on Friday. c. The subway? My wallet they stole on the subway! And you wanna take the subway... d. That deli down there has the best heroes in town! Linguists estimate that the percentage of cognates between ASL and FSL is as great as a. 90 percent b. 58 percent c. 36 percent d. 22 percent The early history of ASL is well documented False Today, ASL is recognized and accepted as a legitimate language with the ability to express any thought, idea, or concept, just like spoken language. True Today, ASL is still not recognized or accepted as a legitimate language, as linguists have not yet found that it can express any thought, idea, or concept in the way that a spoken language can. False Because most deaf children nowadays go to mainstream schools, they do not have the experience of strong ASL signing models. True The study of the interrelationship of language and social structure, including language variation, language contact, language planning and policy, language attitudes, and conversation analysis, is called a. syntax b. semantics c. sociolinguistics d. bioanthropology Language only has one function: to communicate. False ASL was considered a "broken language" because a. many people believed ASL was English represented on the hands, and since many deaf people showed evidence of broken English it stood to reason that their sign language was "broken". b. it is impossible to express all the nuances of English by using the hands, so sign language is by default a "broken" system. c. English grammar and vocabulary are complex, and using gestures is simple, so ASL is nothing other than a poor, simple attempt to express complex English ideas. Black Deaf people were permitted to join white Deaf organizations because a. actually, they were not permitted because of the color of their skin b. they were Deaf, too The concerns of the African American Deaf community were of utmost importance to larger African American cultural and community leadership groups such as the NAACP and the Southern Christian Leadership Conference. a. True, the fight for equality of all African American people was at the forefront of the movement b. False, the African American Deaf community was not a priority to national civil rights organizations Some employers are reluctant to hire Black deaf people in anything but routine or minimal jobs for fear they are incompetent. True According to McCaskill's study, only younger signers show a clear sense of group reference and personal identity as "Black Deaf" and can explain differences in Black signing and white signing. False The linguistic definition of a dialect is the same as society's definition of a dialect False The discrimination of Black Deaf Americans can be traced back to a. the segregation era b. the 17th to mid 20th centuries c. Y2K d. a and b e. a, b, and c According to Hairston, a. Nearly all Black deaf people prefer to associate only with white deaf people b. Black deaf people seldom socialize freely with white deaf people c. Black deaf people generally feel comfortable socializing with white deaf people According to Hairston, is there a Black Sign Language? a. The authors say yes, there is, and use the term "Black sign language" in the reading. b. The authors say no, but maintain that there is a "Black way of signing" among family and friends. The authors also use the term "Black sign language" as though they believe it exists. Linguists categorize African American English as a legitimate language variety that is structurally related to other varieties of English in terms of linguistic features, and which differs from other varieties in terms of specific phonological, morphological, lexical, and semantic features (among other features). True African American English features borrowed by white signers in ASL came to ASL from a. spoken African American English b. Black ASL Language and speech differ in that a. speech is one way to transmit language b. actually, they are not different c. speech is the only way to transmit language d. speech never transmits language Williamson states that the educational policies, plans, and the successful outcomes of deaf and hard of hearing African Americans is the subject of a. extensive research focus b. very little research focus When 5-year-old deaf children enter kindergarten, they have not had the same experiences with English as hearing, English-speaking -year-olds, and so learning to read and write English is not easy for the deaf children, since they do not even know English itself. True IEPs are placement and achievement evaluations a. that are equivalents to the ACT and SAT and are available to all students upon request b. specifically designed as an academic plan for children without any special needs c. for students with virtually all types of special needs and include goals and accommodations When 5-year-old deaf children enter kindergarten, they have had the same experiences with English as hearing, English-speaking -year-olds, and so learning to read and write English is as easy for the deaf children as it is for the hearing children. False As described in Stapleton, discrimination that requires fighting for educational justice through the court system, is an example of a. macroaggression b. microaggression As cited in Stapleton, Williams found that Black d/Deaf students a. valued education b. did not value education As Wilbur argues, the major problem with focusing on speech in deaf children to the detriment of focusing on other language development is that a. the parents might feel like failures for having a child who cannot speak b. children who hear speech poorly or not at all cannot connect the speech sounds with meaningful language, and therefore their ability to develop a language is compromised Is the IEP a legally binding document? a. No, it is a document, but not legally binding b. Yes, it is a legally binding document c. No, it is not a document, and it is not legally binding According to Stapleton, having the aspiration to succeed despite societal barriers is: a. Resistant Capital b. Aspirational Capital c. Familial Capital d. Social Capital Signing space in PST is important. True The circle is the shape that is most represented in storytelling among the Assiniboine (Nakota), and it is also the shape that permeates spheres of everyday life. True ___________________ is the linguistic term for a word whose meaning is semantically fixed but which can only be understood through context. An example of this is the word "I", which means "Laura" when Laura is referring to herself as a subject, but which means "Tom" when Tom is referring to himself as a subject. The meaning of the words is therefore context-dependent and are often relative to the perception or location of the speaker. a. association b. social interaction c. deixis d. manipulation ASL and PST use the same signing space. False The Assiniboine religion deems that since kind spirits prefer quiet behavior and silence, a. using Plains Sign Talk is one way to avoid the noise of the voice and therefore contribute to the quiet aesthetic b. it is preferable to noticeably lower the volume of conversation when speaking Nakota c. both options are correct d. neither options are correct A storyteller using Plains Sign Talk: a. must sign the story from the perspective of an omniscient narrator, at the head of the circle b. can sign the story from the perspective of any person in the story, by shifting the circle and perspective c. must sign the story from the perspective of the main person in the story, at the head of the circle Socially and religiously, Plains Indians no longer make use of the circle, which was an important part of communicating through speech and sign, because of European architectural and cultural influence. False An understanding of ____________________ is a critical piece to understanding how Plains Sign Talk works. a. the cultural debate over cochlear implants b. the cultural expectations of respect between brother and sister c. spatial orientation Hearing Plains Indians use Plains Sign Talk amongst themselves. True Plains Indians believe that kind spirits tend to prefer loud noises, and so Indian Americans tend to speak more loudly than non-Indian Americans False Which is NOT a purpose of Deaf art? a. Overshadowing dreams for the future b. Allowing Deaf people to be better understood by outsiders c. Reflecting common history d. Resonating with moments of daily life Who was a well-regarded Deaf landscape painter in America? a. Walter Golat b. Granville Redmond c. Margrett Tyson d. Renee Beaudoin Since listeners cannot review or "reread" what they hear, the oral poet must draw on a number of strategies to make the poem: