NGR 6141 Patho Chapter 1 Questions With Complete
Solutions
accumulation of H20 Correct Answers cellular swelling
* r/t failure of transport mechanisms
accumulation of organic substances Correct Answers (lipids,
CHO, glycogen, proteins, pigments)
* r/t disorders where cellular uptake of substances exceeds cell's
capacity to catabolize (use) it or cellular anabolism (synthesis)
of the substances exceeds cell's capacity to use or secrete it
aging Correct Answers * progressive loss of tissues & organs
over time
* accumulation of damaged macromolecules
* incr. levels of circulating cytokines & proinflammatory
markers
* immune system changes - inflammaging
apoptosis Correct Answers programmed dropping off of
apoptopic bodies
atrophy Correct Answers decrease in cell size
mostly in skeletal muscle, heart, secondary sex organs, brain
through possibly decreased protein synthesis and/or increased
protein catabolism
atrophy & aging Correct Answers brain cells & endocrine
dependent organs (i.e. gonads) atrophy
, atrophy types Correct Answers physiologic (atrophy of thymus
gland) i.e. normal
pathologic (result of decreased workload, use, pressure, blood
supply, nutrition, hormonal or nervous stimulation)
autophagy Correct Answers break dow of cytoplasmic
components & organelles in lysosomes to salvage key
metabolites
* central role in cell homeostasis
*important in development, cell proliferation, remodeling,
aging, cancer, heart disease, neurodegenerative diseases,
inflammation, infection, metabolic disease, cell death
biochemical themes involved in cell injury Correct Answers *
depletion of ATP
* decreased lvls of O2 & increased lvls of O2-derived free
radicals
* increased concentration of intracelluar Ca++ & loss of Ca++
steady-state
* defects in membrane permeability
cell communcation Correct Answers display plasma
membrane-bound signaling molecules
Cell communication Correct Answers gap junction - coordinate
activities of adjacent cells
receptors - plasma membrane bound signaling molecules that
affect cell itself & other cells in direct physical contact
chemical (hormonal) signaling - uses blood to communicate to
cells some distance away (i.e. thyroid-stimulating hormone)
Solutions
accumulation of H20 Correct Answers cellular swelling
* r/t failure of transport mechanisms
accumulation of organic substances Correct Answers (lipids,
CHO, glycogen, proteins, pigments)
* r/t disorders where cellular uptake of substances exceeds cell's
capacity to catabolize (use) it or cellular anabolism (synthesis)
of the substances exceeds cell's capacity to use or secrete it
aging Correct Answers * progressive loss of tissues & organs
over time
* accumulation of damaged macromolecules
* incr. levels of circulating cytokines & proinflammatory
markers
* immune system changes - inflammaging
apoptosis Correct Answers programmed dropping off of
apoptopic bodies
atrophy Correct Answers decrease in cell size
mostly in skeletal muscle, heart, secondary sex organs, brain
through possibly decreased protein synthesis and/or increased
protein catabolism
atrophy & aging Correct Answers brain cells & endocrine
dependent organs (i.e. gonads) atrophy
, atrophy types Correct Answers physiologic (atrophy of thymus
gland) i.e. normal
pathologic (result of decreased workload, use, pressure, blood
supply, nutrition, hormonal or nervous stimulation)
autophagy Correct Answers break dow of cytoplasmic
components & organelles in lysosomes to salvage key
metabolites
* central role in cell homeostasis
*important in development, cell proliferation, remodeling,
aging, cancer, heart disease, neurodegenerative diseases,
inflammation, infection, metabolic disease, cell death
biochemical themes involved in cell injury Correct Answers *
depletion of ATP
* decreased lvls of O2 & increased lvls of O2-derived free
radicals
* increased concentration of intracelluar Ca++ & loss of Ca++
steady-state
* defects in membrane permeability
cell communcation Correct Answers display plasma
membrane-bound signaling molecules
Cell communication Correct Answers gap junction - coordinate
activities of adjacent cells
receptors - plasma membrane bound signaling molecules that
affect cell itself & other cells in direct physical contact
chemical (hormonal) signaling - uses blood to communicate to
cells some distance away (i.e. thyroid-stimulating hormone)
