ATAR 11 Human Biology - Unit 1 EXAM
revision Questions and Answers
Golgi body - Correct Answers -Modifies proteins and packages them in vesicles for
secretion from the cell
Cell membrane - Correct Answers -Determines which substances get into and out of the
cell
Cytoplasm - Correct Answers -The jellylike material that makes up much of a cell inside
the cell membrane
Centrioles - Correct Answers -Involved in the reproduction of the cell (mitosis)
Endoplasmic reticulum - Correct Answers -Provides a surface on which chemical
reactions can occur
Made of lipid molecules and associated proteins
Osteoporosis - Correct Answers -The loss of bone mass that occurs with ageing and
thus affects and impairs normal functioning
- As done density decreases, the risk of fracture increases
Osteoarthritis - Correct Answers -Gradual change in joints over time, other factors are
irritation, wear or abrasion of joints
- Joint cartilage deteriorates and so bone surfaces are no longer protected
Contractile proteins - Correct Answers -Generate force for muscular contraction in
myofibrils
Regulatory proteins - Correct Answers -Involved in allowing muscle contractions in
myofibrils
Ribosomes - Correct Answers -The cell structures that make proteins
Amino acids are joined at the ____ to make proteins
Cytoskeleton - Correct Answers -Gives the cell it's shape because of microfilaments and
microtubules in it that assists with movement of materials, organelle or the whole cell
, Lysosomes - Correct Answers -Small spheres that contain enzymes that break down
proteins, lipids, nucleic acid and some carbohydrates
Breaks down materials taken into the cell or breaks down worn out organelles
Nucleus - Correct Answers -Is the "brain" of the cell
- Contains genetic material
- Controls the cell
Mitochondria - Correct Answers -Releases energy for the cell through respiration
Called the 'powerhouse of the cell'
Differentially permeable - Correct Answers -Certain ions and molecules can pass
through the cell membrane
Active process - Correct Answers -Process that requires the cell's energy
Passive process - Correct Answers -Cell's energy from respiration doesn't have to be
used
Diffusion - Correct Answers -A passive process resulting from the random movement of
ions and molecules
Osmosis - Correct Answers -A passive, special case of diffusion where water crosses
across the membrane
Carrier-mediated transport - Correct Answers -A process that requires special proteins
in the cell membrane
May be passive or active depending on nature of mechanism
Vesicular transport - Correct Answers -A process in which materials are moved in
membrane bound sacs
Is an active process
Endocytosis - Correct Answers -Taking liquids or solids into cell by vesicular transport
Exocytosis - Correct Answers -When contents of a vesicle are passed to the outside
Tissues - Correct Answers -The second structural level
Groups of muscles cells make up muscle, groups of nerve cells make up nerves and
groups of organ cells make up organs
Organs - Correct Answers -The third structural level
Different tissues work together to form organs
Made up of two or more tissues
System - Correct Answers -Highest structural level
revision Questions and Answers
Golgi body - Correct Answers -Modifies proteins and packages them in vesicles for
secretion from the cell
Cell membrane - Correct Answers -Determines which substances get into and out of the
cell
Cytoplasm - Correct Answers -The jellylike material that makes up much of a cell inside
the cell membrane
Centrioles - Correct Answers -Involved in the reproduction of the cell (mitosis)
Endoplasmic reticulum - Correct Answers -Provides a surface on which chemical
reactions can occur
Made of lipid molecules and associated proteins
Osteoporosis - Correct Answers -The loss of bone mass that occurs with ageing and
thus affects and impairs normal functioning
- As done density decreases, the risk of fracture increases
Osteoarthritis - Correct Answers -Gradual change in joints over time, other factors are
irritation, wear or abrasion of joints
- Joint cartilage deteriorates and so bone surfaces are no longer protected
Contractile proteins - Correct Answers -Generate force for muscular contraction in
myofibrils
Regulatory proteins - Correct Answers -Involved in allowing muscle contractions in
myofibrils
Ribosomes - Correct Answers -The cell structures that make proteins
Amino acids are joined at the ____ to make proteins
Cytoskeleton - Correct Answers -Gives the cell it's shape because of microfilaments and
microtubules in it that assists with movement of materials, organelle or the whole cell
, Lysosomes - Correct Answers -Small spheres that contain enzymes that break down
proteins, lipids, nucleic acid and some carbohydrates
Breaks down materials taken into the cell or breaks down worn out organelles
Nucleus - Correct Answers -Is the "brain" of the cell
- Contains genetic material
- Controls the cell
Mitochondria - Correct Answers -Releases energy for the cell through respiration
Called the 'powerhouse of the cell'
Differentially permeable - Correct Answers -Certain ions and molecules can pass
through the cell membrane
Active process - Correct Answers -Process that requires the cell's energy
Passive process - Correct Answers -Cell's energy from respiration doesn't have to be
used
Diffusion - Correct Answers -A passive process resulting from the random movement of
ions and molecules
Osmosis - Correct Answers -A passive, special case of diffusion where water crosses
across the membrane
Carrier-mediated transport - Correct Answers -A process that requires special proteins
in the cell membrane
May be passive or active depending on nature of mechanism
Vesicular transport - Correct Answers -A process in which materials are moved in
membrane bound sacs
Is an active process
Endocytosis - Correct Answers -Taking liquids or solids into cell by vesicular transport
Exocytosis - Correct Answers -When contents of a vesicle are passed to the outside
Tissues - Correct Answers -The second structural level
Groups of muscles cells make up muscle, groups of nerve cells make up nerves and
groups of organ cells make up organs
Organs - Correct Answers -The third structural level
Different tissues work together to form organs
Made up of two or more tissues
System - Correct Answers -Highest structural level
