NURS 340- COMPLEX 1 TEST 1 REVIEW STUDY GUIDE WITH
COMPLETE SOLUTION!!
1.ABC's: airway, breathing, circulation
-> is the airway clear?
-> is gas exchange taking place in the lungs?
-> is perfusion occurring in the body?
2.Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs: physiological, safety & security, love &
belonging, self-esteem, self-actualization
3.ABG's: pH: 7.35-7.45
CO2: 35-45
HCO3: 22-26
PO2: 80-100
4.Respiratory Acidosis: occurs when the lungs are retaining too much
CO2 & the kidneys excrete excess hydrogen and retain bicarb
-> pH < 7.35 and CO2 >45
5.Respiratory Alkalosis: occurs when the lungs are losing too much
CO2 & the kidneys excrete excess bicarb and retain hydrogen
-> pH > 7.45 and CO2 <35
6.Respiratory Acidosis Causes: DEPRESS
drugs, edema, pneumonia, respiratory center of the brain is damaged,
emboli, spasms of the bronchial, sac elasticity damage
7.Signs & Symptoms of Respiratory Acidosis: elevated blood pressure,
in- creased respiratory rate, increased heart rate (tachycardia),
restlessness, confu- sion, headache, sleepiness or coma
8.Respiratory Acidosis interventions: Administer oxygen, place patient in
semi-fowler's position (least invasive), turn cough & deep-breathe
(TCDB), monitor potassium levels
9.Respiratory Alkalosis Causes: increased temperature, aspirin toxicity,
hyper- ventilation
10.Signs & Symptoms of Respiratory Alkalosis: increased heart rate,
confusion, fatigue, tetany, EKG changes, Chovestek's sign
11.Respiratory Alkalosis Interventions: encourage good breathing
patterns, re- breathe into a paper bag, administer medications to lower
RR
12.Metabolic Acidosis: occurs when the kidneys have too much
hydrogen and too little bicarb so the lungs compensate by blowing off
CO2
-> pH <7.35 and HCO3 <22
13.Metabolic Alkalosis: occurs when the kidneys have too much bicarb
and too little hydrogen so the lungs compensate by retaining CO2
1/
2
COMPLETE SOLUTION!!
1.ABC's: airway, breathing, circulation
-> is the airway clear?
-> is gas exchange taking place in the lungs?
-> is perfusion occurring in the body?
2.Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs: physiological, safety & security, love &
belonging, self-esteem, self-actualization
3.ABG's: pH: 7.35-7.45
CO2: 35-45
HCO3: 22-26
PO2: 80-100
4.Respiratory Acidosis: occurs when the lungs are retaining too much
CO2 & the kidneys excrete excess hydrogen and retain bicarb
-> pH < 7.35 and CO2 >45
5.Respiratory Alkalosis: occurs when the lungs are losing too much
CO2 & the kidneys excrete excess bicarb and retain hydrogen
-> pH > 7.45 and CO2 <35
6.Respiratory Acidosis Causes: DEPRESS
drugs, edema, pneumonia, respiratory center of the brain is damaged,
emboli, spasms of the bronchial, sac elasticity damage
7.Signs & Symptoms of Respiratory Acidosis: elevated blood pressure,
in- creased respiratory rate, increased heart rate (tachycardia),
restlessness, confu- sion, headache, sleepiness or coma
8.Respiratory Acidosis interventions: Administer oxygen, place patient in
semi-fowler's position (least invasive), turn cough & deep-breathe
(TCDB), monitor potassium levels
9.Respiratory Alkalosis Causes: increased temperature, aspirin toxicity,
hyper- ventilation
10.Signs & Symptoms of Respiratory Alkalosis: increased heart rate,
confusion, fatigue, tetany, EKG changes, Chovestek's sign
11.Respiratory Alkalosis Interventions: encourage good breathing
patterns, re- breathe into a paper bag, administer medications to lower
RR
12.Metabolic Acidosis: occurs when the kidneys have too much
hydrogen and too little bicarb so the lungs compensate by blowing off
CO2
-> pH <7.35 and HCO3 <22
13.Metabolic Alkalosis: occurs when the kidneys have too much bicarb
and too little hydrogen so the lungs compensate by retaining CO2
1/
2
