3990 Exam 1 study guide
1. The process whereby social scientists note and record phenomenon in a systematic way
is known as:
a. experiments
b. empirical tests
c. content analysis
d. observation - ANS-observation
2. Social scientists collect original data through the use of:
a. experiments
b. observation
c. public records
d. all of the above - ANS-d. all of the above
3. In the scientific method, the _____ states the relationship between the dependent and
independent variables:
a. research question
b. empirical test
c. hypothesis
d. analysis - ANS-hypothesis
4. _____ data is collected and analyzed as numbers, while _____ data is collected as
descriptions and explanations:
a. qualitative; quantitative
b. quantitative; qualitative
c. systematic; observational
d. analytical; descriptive - ANS-b. quantitative; qualitative
5. Which of the following is not an example of quantitative data?
a. presidential speeches
b. campaign finance reports
c. public opinion poll
d. voter turnout statistics - ANS-a. presidential speeches
6. Statistics that merely describe the distribution of a population are knows as:
a. descriptive statistics
b. inferential statistics
c. univariate statistics
d. bivariate statistics - ANS-a. descriptive statistics
7. The analysis of a sample or subset of the population is referred to as:
a. descriptive statistics
b. inferential statistics
c. univariate statistics
d. bivariate statistics - ANS-b. inferential statistics
8. _____ are used to statistically measure the average of a single variable.
a. measures of dispersion
b. bivariate statistics
c. cross tabulations
, d. measures of central tendency - ANS-d. measures of central tendency
9. A _____ hypothesis states that there is no relationship between a dependent and
independent variable.
a. positive
b. negative
c. null
d. statistically significant - ANS-c. null
10. Which of the following statistics analyze a single variable?
a. descriptive
b. inferential
c. univariate
d. bivariate - ANS-c. univariate
11. The term that refers to an apparent relationship which is false is known as:
a. correlation
b. causation
c. probability
d. spurious - ANS-d. spurious
12. Statisticians use _____ to address whether fluctuations in the measurement of a concept
have a cause or are merely random effects of time and place.
a. the scientific method
b. probability
c. content analysis
d. spurious relationships - ANS-b. probability
13. The first step of statistical analysis is to:
a. provide a conceptual definition
b. collect data for each case measured
c. identify who or what is being studied
d. evaluate the measurement - ANS-c. identify who or what is being studied
14. The process whereby observations are translated into a measurement is known as:
a. statistical analysis
b. the scientific method
c. operationalizing a variable
d. conceptualization - ANS-c. operationalizing a variable
15. Which of the following level of measurement can be categorized but has no natural
order?
a. ratio
b. interval
c. ordinal
d. nominal - ANS-d. nominal
16. Which level of measurement is identified by having an absolute zero?
a. ratio
b. interval
c. ordinal
d. nominal - ANS-a. ratio
17. Which of the following is not an example of nominal level data?
a. gender
b. astrological sign
c. educational degrees
1. The process whereby social scientists note and record phenomenon in a systematic way
is known as:
a. experiments
b. empirical tests
c. content analysis
d. observation - ANS-observation
2. Social scientists collect original data through the use of:
a. experiments
b. observation
c. public records
d. all of the above - ANS-d. all of the above
3. In the scientific method, the _____ states the relationship between the dependent and
independent variables:
a. research question
b. empirical test
c. hypothesis
d. analysis - ANS-hypothesis
4. _____ data is collected and analyzed as numbers, while _____ data is collected as
descriptions and explanations:
a. qualitative; quantitative
b. quantitative; qualitative
c. systematic; observational
d. analytical; descriptive - ANS-b. quantitative; qualitative
5. Which of the following is not an example of quantitative data?
a. presidential speeches
b. campaign finance reports
c. public opinion poll
d. voter turnout statistics - ANS-a. presidential speeches
6. Statistics that merely describe the distribution of a population are knows as:
a. descriptive statistics
b. inferential statistics
c. univariate statistics
d. bivariate statistics - ANS-a. descriptive statistics
7. The analysis of a sample or subset of the population is referred to as:
a. descriptive statistics
b. inferential statistics
c. univariate statistics
d. bivariate statistics - ANS-b. inferential statistics
8. _____ are used to statistically measure the average of a single variable.
a. measures of dispersion
b. bivariate statistics
c. cross tabulations
, d. measures of central tendency - ANS-d. measures of central tendency
9. A _____ hypothesis states that there is no relationship between a dependent and
independent variable.
a. positive
b. negative
c. null
d. statistically significant - ANS-c. null
10. Which of the following statistics analyze a single variable?
a. descriptive
b. inferential
c. univariate
d. bivariate - ANS-c. univariate
11. The term that refers to an apparent relationship which is false is known as:
a. correlation
b. causation
c. probability
d. spurious - ANS-d. spurious
12. Statisticians use _____ to address whether fluctuations in the measurement of a concept
have a cause or are merely random effects of time and place.
a. the scientific method
b. probability
c. content analysis
d. spurious relationships - ANS-b. probability
13. The first step of statistical analysis is to:
a. provide a conceptual definition
b. collect data for each case measured
c. identify who or what is being studied
d. evaluate the measurement - ANS-c. identify who or what is being studied
14. The process whereby observations are translated into a measurement is known as:
a. statistical analysis
b. the scientific method
c. operationalizing a variable
d. conceptualization - ANS-c. operationalizing a variable
15. Which of the following level of measurement can be categorized but has no natural
order?
a. ratio
b. interval
c. ordinal
d. nominal - ANS-d. nominal
16. Which level of measurement is identified by having an absolute zero?
a. ratio
b. interval
c. ordinal
d. nominal - ANS-a. ratio
17. Which of the following is not an example of nominal level data?
a. gender
b. astrological sign
c. educational degrees
