AGACNP AACN Boards 2025 update|comprehensive questions and verified answers (complete solutions) A+ GRADE!!

2/14/25, 8:36 AM AGACNP AACN Boards 2025 update|comprehensive questions and verified answers (complete solutions) A+ GRADE!! Flashc…




AGACNP AACN Boards 2025
update|comprehensive questions and verified
answers (complete solutions) A+ GRADE!!

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Terms in this set (220)


1. aspirin, tylenol, NSAIDs
3 steps of pain 2. codeine, hydrocodone, oxycodone, tramadol
management (only with NSAIDS)
3. morphine, hydromorphone, methadone, fentanyl

Breakthrough cancer fentanyl
pain management

Metastatic bone pain bisphosphonates
management

Tension headache symptoms - tight, back of head/neck
symptoms & management - OTC analgesics and rest
management

classic - WITH aura
Migraine headache types
common - WITHOUT aura
and treatments
treatment - sumatriptan and analgesics

Cluster headache symptoms - occur at night, ipsilateral congestion,
symptoms and rhinorrhea, and eye redness
management

Albumin levels <3.5 protein malnutrition

Albumin <2.7 Edema

Complications of enteral aspiration, refeeding, dehydration
nutrition


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Complications of pneumothorax, hemothorax
parenteral nutrition

Urine sodium >20 renal salt wasting (kidney is the problem)

Urine sodium <10 kidney isn't the problem

isotonic hyponatremia serum osmolality - 284-295
serum osmolality and causes - extreme hyperlipidemia or
causes nhyperproteinemia

serum osmolality <280
hypotonic hyponatremia
hypovolemic w/ sodium <10
serum osmolality and
hypovolemic w/ sodium >20
types
hypervolemic

hypovolemic w/ urine dehydration, diuresis, vomiting
sodium <10 causes

hypovolemic w/ urine diuretics, ACE, mineralocorticoid deficiency
sodium >20

hypervolemic hypotonic edema, CHF, liver disease, renal failure
hyponatremia must restrict fluids

hypertonic hyponatremia serum osmolality >290
serum osmolality and causes - HHS
causes

causes - diuretics, GI losses, renal loss, alkalosis
hypokalemia causes, signs/symptoms - weakness, fatigue, cramps, broad
signs/symptoms, T waves, u waves
treatment treatment - oral replacement if >2.5, 40mEq/L/hr IV
if severe

causes - renal failure, drugs, hypoaldosteronism
hyperkalemia causes, signs/symptoms - weakness, flaccid paralysis,
signs/symptoms, abdominal distension, diarrhea, peaked T waves
treatment treatment - ion resin exchange (kayexalate), insulin,
D5W




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causes - pancreatitis, renal failure, trauma, massive
transfusions
hypocalcemia causes,
symptoms - increased DTRs, cramps, convulsions,
signs/symptoms,
prolonged QT, Chvostek's and Trousseau's sign
treatment
treatment - check for alkalosis, IV calcium gluconate
if acute, oral supplements if chronic

causes - vitamin D intoxication, immobilization,
thiazide diuretics
hypercalcemia causes,
symptoms - fatigue, muscle weakness, constipation,
signs/symptoms,
coma, death
treatment
treatment - calcitonin if renal/card involvement, NS,
loop diuretics, dialysis if severe

causes - hypoventilation (pH<7.35, pCO2>45)
respiratory acidosis symptoms - somnolence, confusion, coma,
causes, signs/symptoms, myoclonus with asterixis
treatment treatment - narcan if unknown cause, increased
ventilator rate

causes - hyperventilation (pH>7.45, pCO2<35)
respiratory alkalosis symptoms - lightheadedness, tingling, tetany if
causes, signs/symptoms, severe
treatment treatment - paper bag breathing, decreased
ventilator rate

types:
increased anion gap - DKA, alcoholic ketoacidosis,
lactic acidosis
metabolic acidosis types,
normal anion gap - diarrhea, ileostomy, renal
causes, treatment
tubular acidosis, DKA recovery


treat with fluids

causes - saline responsive, NG suction, vomiting,
metabolic alkalosis
diuretics
causes, signs/symptoms,
treatment - d/c diuretics, give NaCl and KCl, H2
treatment
blockers if GI loss

Gram positive bacteria streptococci, staphylococcus, enterococci, bacilli

E. coli, klebsiella, pseudomonas, acinetobacter,
Gram negative bacteria
enterobacter

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