PLTW BIOMEDICAL SCIENCE FIRST CHAPTER GRADED A+
REVISED EXAM 2025/2026 Q&A
leukocytes - (white blood cells) fight infection
thrombocytes - (platelets) assist in clotting of the blood
anaemia - a lack of red blood cells in the body
tRNA - bring the amino acids to the ribosomes for protein synthesis
erythrocytes - (red blood cells) carry oxygen
plasma - fluid portion of the blood that contains water, sugars, lipids, wastes, and other components
amino acids - building blocks of proteins
codon - three-nucleotide sequence that identifies an amino acid
sickle cell anaemia - the disease that incorrectly makes red blood cells
mRNA - the 'script' for proteins, carries the code from the nucleus to the ribosomes
GUGCUUAAC - the mRNA strand to CACGAATTG
transcription - the process of copying the DNA code into mRNA
CTGCACAAT - the complementary strand of DNA to GACGTGTTA
hydrophilic - water-loving
hydrophobic - water-fearing
, haematocrit - percentage of volume of the entire blood that is composed of red blood cells
translation - the process of creating a protein from an RNA code
what percent of the blood is plasma? - 55%
what percent of the blood is red blood cells? - 45%
how long do red blood cells live? - 90-120 days
how long do white blood cells live? - 13-20 days
how long do thrombocytes live? - 8-10 days
how long do sickle cells live? - 10-20 days
how many red blood cells are there? - 5 million
how many white blood cells are there? - 5,000-10,000
how many thrombocytes are there? - over 140,000-450,000
haemoglobin (Hgb) - blood test used to determine the concentration of oxygen-carrying components
(haemoglobin) in erythrocytes
- normal female: 12-16 g/dL
- normal male: 14-18 g/dL
haematocrit (Hct) - a blood test that measures the percentage of the volume of whole blood that is
made up of red blood cells to diagnose anaemia; it depends on the number and size of the red blood
cells.
- normal female: 35-46%
REVISED EXAM 2025/2026 Q&A
leukocytes - (white blood cells) fight infection
thrombocytes - (platelets) assist in clotting of the blood
anaemia - a lack of red blood cells in the body
tRNA - bring the amino acids to the ribosomes for protein synthesis
erythrocytes - (red blood cells) carry oxygen
plasma - fluid portion of the blood that contains water, sugars, lipids, wastes, and other components
amino acids - building blocks of proteins
codon - three-nucleotide sequence that identifies an amino acid
sickle cell anaemia - the disease that incorrectly makes red blood cells
mRNA - the 'script' for proteins, carries the code from the nucleus to the ribosomes
GUGCUUAAC - the mRNA strand to CACGAATTG
transcription - the process of copying the DNA code into mRNA
CTGCACAAT - the complementary strand of DNA to GACGTGTTA
hydrophilic - water-loving
hydrophobic - water-fearing
, haematocrit - percentage of volume of the entire blood that is composed of red blood cells
translation - the process of creating a protein from an RNA code
what percent of the blood is plasma? - 55%
what percent of the blood is red blood cells? - 45%
how long do red blood cells live? - 90-120 days
how long do white blood cells live? - 13-20 days
how long do thrombocytes live? - 8-10 days
how long do sickle cells live? - 10-20 days
how many red blood cells are there? - 5 million
how many white blood cells are there? - 5,000-10,000
how many thrombocytes are there? - over 140,000-450,000
haemoglobin (Hgb) - blood test used to determine the concentration of oxygen-carrying components
(haemoglobin) in erythrocytes
- normal female: 12-16 g/dL
- normal male: 14-18 g/dL
haematocrit (Hct) - a blood test that measures the percentage of the volume of whole blood that is
made up of red blood cells to diagnose anaemia; it depends on the number and size of the red blood
cells.
- normal female: 35-46%
