ASU Penton MIC 205 Exam 1
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1. What is the differ- -Simple: bacteria differ chemically from inner surroundings and thus can be
ence between a stained to contrast with their environment
simple and differ- -Differential: detects peptidoglycan, can distinguish between two bacteria
ential stain?
2. What does a differences in the composition of the cell wall (i.e. peptidoglycan)
Gram stain de-
tect?
3. How does a by dying them a different color
gram stain differ-
entiate bacterial
cells?
4. What color is a purple
Gram-positive or-
ganism?
5. What color is pink/red
a Gram-negative
organism?
6. What are the gram + has a thicker layer of peptidoglycan and no outer membrane
principle differ- - Gram + cells have Techoic Acids
ences between -Antigenic determinants
a gram negative -Species identification
and gram posi- -Some (e.g. Mycobacterium) have Mycolic Acid (tuberculum): waxy lipid, survive
tive bacterial cell? dessication, difficult to stain (acid-fast stain)
gram - has a thinner layer of peptidoglycan and an outer membrane, Gram - have
an outer bilayer membrane
Outer portion is composed of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) lipid+sugar
Outer membrane allows for survival in harsh environments
The outer sugar portion is called the O antigen, an antigenic determinant.
, ASU Penton MIC 205 Exam 1
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_cqyiiw
Lipid portion of LPS is called Lipid A, an Endotoxin (e.g. E. coli)
Dead cells release lipid A, trigger fever, inflammation, shock, blood clotting
7. What do peni- peptidoglycan layer
cillin antibiotics
act on with the
bacterial cell?
8. Are gram + or Gram - are usually harder to treat due to the outer membrane
gram - bacte- (many antibiotics target peptidoglycan layer-penicillin) making gram + more
ria more suscep- susceptible to penicillin than gram -
tible to penicillin
antibiotics? Why
don't they harm
eukaryotes?
9. What does an differentiates cells with a waxy cell wall that contain high amounts of mycolic acid
acid-fast stain de- (ex; mycobacterium and nocardia)
tect?
10. What color are red
acid-fast organ-
isms after stain-
ing with an
acid-fast stain?
11. How does an makes them appear red
acid-fast stain dif-
ferentiate bacte-
rial cells?
12. Mycobacterium
Nocardia
, ASU Penton MIC 205 Exam 1
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_cqyiiw
Name an
acid-fast organ-
ism.
13. Is a Schaef- differential stain because the malachite green must be driven with heat to pene-
fer-Fulton stain trate cell walls because they are impermeable to almost all chemicals
a differential
stain or a simple
stain?
14. In a Schaef- uses heat to drive the primary stain, malachite green, into the endospore
fer-Fulton stain,
what has to
be done to the
proteins in the
cell membrane
in order to dri-
ve the primary
stain into the en-
dospore?
15. What is an en- a dormant, tough, and temporarily non-reproductive structure produced by cer-
dospore? tain bacteria.
16. Why do bacte- to survive in unfavorable enviorments
ria make en-
dospores?
17. What bacterial Bacillus is a type of bacteria that has endospores, which is a concern for food
group discussed processors. healthcare because it is resistant to treatment C. diff is a spore-form-
in class is med- ing G+ anaerobic bacillus and produces 2 exotoxins. --> 2 toxins : toxin A and toxin
ically important B-- colonoscopies
and form en-
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_cqyiiw
1. What is the differ- -Simple: bacteria differ chemically from inner surroundings and thus can be
ence between a stained to contrast with their environment
simple and differ- -Differential: detects peptidoglycan, can distinguish between two bacteria
ential stain?
2. What does a differences in the composition of the cell wall (i.e. peptidoglycan)
Gram stain de-
tect?
3. How does a by dying them a different color
gram stain differ-
entiate bacterial
cells?
4. What color is a purple
Gram-positive or-
ganism?
5. What color is pink/red
a Gram-negative
organism?
6. What are the gram + has a thicker layer of peptidoglycan and no outer membrane
principle differ- - Gram + cells have Techoic Acids
ences between -Antigenic determinants
a gram negative -Species identification
and gram posi- -Some (e.g. Mycobacterium) have Mycolic Acid (tuberculum): waxy lipid, survive
tive bacterial cell? dessication, difficult to stain (acid-fast stain)
gram - has a thinner layer of peptidoglycan and an outer membrane, Gram - have
an outer bilayer membrane
Outer portion is composed of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) lipid+sugar
Outer membrane allows for survival in harsh environments
The outer sugar portion is called the O antigen, an antigenic determinant.
, ASU Penton MIC 205 Exam 1
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_cqyiiw
Lipid portion of LPS is called Lipid A, an Endotoxin (e.g. E. coli)
Dead cells release lipid A, trigger fever, inflammation, shock, blood clotting
7. What do peni- peptidoglycan layer
cillin antibiotics
act on with the
bacterial cell?
8. Are gram + or Gram - are usually harder to treat due to the outer membrane
gram - bacte- (many antibiotics target peptidoglycan layer-penicillin) making gram + more
ria more suscep- susceptible to penicillin than gram -
tible to penicillin
antibiotics? Why
don't they harm
eukaryotes?
9. What does an differentiates cells with a waxy cell wall that contain high amounts of mycolic acid
acid-fast stain de- (ex; mycobacterium and nocardia)
tect?
10. What color are red
acid-fast organ-
isms after stain-
ing with an
acid-fast stain?
11. How does an makes them appear red
acid-fast stain dif-
ferentiate bacte-
rial cells?
12. Mycobacterium
Nocardia
, ASU Penton MIC 205 Exam 1
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_cqyiiw
Name an
acid-fast organ-
ism.
13. Is a Schaef- differential stain because the malachite green must be driven with heat to pene-
fer-Fulton stain trate cell walls because they are impermeable to almost all chemicals
a differential
stain or a simple
stain?
14. In a Schaef- uses heat to drive the primary stain, malachite green, into the endospore
fer-Fulton stain,
what has to
be done to the
proteins in the
cell membrane
in order to dri-
ve the primary
stain into the en-
dospore?
15. What is an en- a dormant, tough, and temporarily non-reproductive structure produced by cer-
dospore? tain bacteria.
16. Why do bacte- to survive in unfavorable enviorments
ria make en-
dospores?
17. What bacterial Bacillus is a type of bacteria that has endospores, which is a concern for food
group discussed processors. healthcare because it is resistant to treatment C. diff is a spore-form-
in class is med- ing G+ anaerobic bacillus and produces 2 exotoxins. --> 2 toxins : toxin A and toxin
ically important B-- colonoscopies
and form en-
