VM 575 (Digestive System II) MIDTERM EXAMBANK QUESTIONS
WITH CORRECT ANSWERS AND VERIFIED SOLUTIONS.
1. The correct order of the three layers of the tooth struc- b. enamel/cementum,
ture is: dentin, pulp
a. enamel, periodontal ligament, gingiva
b. enamel/cementum, dentin, pulp
c. dentin, enamel/cementum, pulp
d. dentin, alveolar bone, blood vessels
2. Pharyngeal dysphagia is often the result of: d. neuromuscular disease
a. hypothyroidism
b. neoplastic disease
c. penetrating foreign bodies
d. neuromuscular disease
3. Atrophy of which muscles may lead to abnormal oral b. temporalis and mas-
phase of swallowing and dysphagia? seter mm
a. pharyngeal constrictor mm
b. temporalis and masseter mm
c. frontalis m
d. cricopharyngeus m
4. In the stomach, parietal cells function primarily to a. HCl
secrete what substance?
a. HCl
b. Pepsin
c. Gastrin
d. Pepsinogen
5. Which of the following statements is true? a. the chemoreceptor trig-
ger zone (CRTZ) is located
, VM 575 (Digestive System II) MIDTERM EXAMBANK QUESTIONS
WITH CORRECT ANSWERS AND VERIFIED SOLUTIONS.
a. the chemoreceptor trigger zone (CRTZ) is located outside of the blood brain
outside of the blood brain barrier allowing for detec- barrier allowing for detec-
tion of drugs, toxins, and uremia tion of drugs, toxins, and
b. Vomiting associated with anxiety of anticipation uremia
(cerebral cortex response) affects the emetic center
via humoral pathways
c. Vomiting associated with vestibular disease (motion
sickness) affects the emetic center via hormonal path-
ways
6. Which of the following is consistent with mild (~5%) a. minimal loss of
dehydration according to the 2013 AAHA Fluid Thera- skin turgor, semi-dry
py Guidelines? mucous membranes and
normal
eye position
a. minimal loss of skin turgor, semi-dry mucous mem-
branes and normal eye position
b. moderate loss of skin turgor, dry mucous mem-
branes, weak rapid pulses and enophthalmos (sunken
eye)
c. no abnormalities on physical examination
d. considerable loss of skin turgor, severe enophthal-
mos, tachycardia, extremely dry mucous membranes,
weak/thread pulses, hypotension, altered level of con-
sciousness
7. Which of the following is consistent with moderate b. moderate loss of skin
(~8%) dehydration according to the 2013 AAHA Fluid turgor, dry mucous mem-
Therapy Guidelines? branes, weak rapid puls-
es and enophthalmos
a. minimal loss of skin turgor, semi-dry mucous mem- (sunken eye)
branes and normal eye position
,VM 575 (Digestive System II) MIDTERM EXAMBANK QUESTIONS
WITH CORRECT ANSWERS AND VERIFIED SOLUTIONS.
b. moderate loss of skin turgor, dry mucous mem-
, VM 575 (Digestive System II) MIDTERM EXAMBANK QUESTIONS
WITH CORRECT ANSWERS AND VERIFIED SOLUTIONS.
branes, weak rapid pulses and enophthalmos (sunken
eye)
c. no abnormalities on physical examination
d. considerable loss of skin turgor, severe enophthal-
mos, tachycardia, extremely dry mucous membranes,
weak/thread pulses, hypotension, altered level of con-
sciousness
8. Which of the following is consistent with severe (>10%) d. considerable loss
dehydration according to the 2013 AAHA Fluid Thera- of skin turgor, severe
py Guidelines? enophthalmos, tachycar-
dia, extremely dry mucous
a. minimal loss of skin turgor, semi-dry mucous mem- membranes, weak/thread
branes and normal eye position pulses, hypotension, al-
b. moderate loss of skin turgor, dry mucous mem- tered level of conscious-
branes, weak rapid pulses and enophthalmos (sunken ness
eye)
c. no abnormalities on physical examination
d. considerable loss of skin turgor, severe enophthal-
mos, tachycardia, extremely dry mucous membranes,
weak/thread pulses, hypotension, altered level of con-
sciousness
9. What is the anti-emetic mechanism of action of on-
dansetron (Zofran)?
a. 5HT3 receptor antagonism
b. D2 recepto antagonism
c. Alpha-2 receptor antagonism
d. NK1 receptor antagonism
10. Based on the anatomy of the equine esophagus,
which drug would be most appropriate to treat an
WITH CORRECT ANSWERS AND VERIFIED SOLUTIONS.
1. The correct order of the three layers of the tooth struc- b. enamel/cementum,
ture is: dentin, pulp
a. enamel, periodontal ligament, gingiva
b. enamel/cementum, dentin, pulp
c. dentin, enamel/cementum, pulp
d. dentin, alveolar bone, blood vessels
2. Pharyngeal dysphagia is often the result of: d. neuromuscular disease
a. hypothyroidism
b. neoplastic disease
c. penetrating foreign bodies
d. neuromuscular disease
3. Atrophy of which muscles may lead to abnormal oral b. temporalis and mas-
phase of swallowing and dysphagia? seter mm
a. pharyngeal constrictor mm
b. temporalis and masseter mm
c. frontalis m
d. cricopharyngeus m
4. In the stomach, parietal cells function primarily to a. HCl
secrete what substance?
a. HCl
b. Pepsin
c. Gastrin
d. Pepsinogen
5. Which of the following statements is true? a. the chemoreceptor trig-
ger zone (CRTZ) is located
, VM 575 (Digestive System II) MIDTERM EXAMBANK QUESTIONS
WITH CORRECT ANSWERS AND VERIFIED SOLUTIONS.
a. the chemoreceptor trigger zone (CRTZ) is located outside of the blood brain
outside of the blood brain barrier allowing for detec- barrier allowing for detec-
tion of drugs, toxins, and uremia tion of drugs, toxins, and
b. Vomiting associated with anxiety of anticipation uremia
(cerebral cortex response) affects the emetic center
via humoral pathways
c. Vomiting associated with vestibular disease (motion
sickness) affects the emetic center via hormonal path-
ways
6. Which of the following is consistent with mild (~5%) a. minimal loss of
dehydration according to the 2013 AAHA Fluid Thera- skin turgor, semi-dry
py Guidelines? mucous membranes and
normal
eye position
a. minimal loss of skin turgor, semi-dry mucous mem-
branes and normal eye position
b. moderate loss of skin turgor, dry mucous mem-
branes, weak rapid pulses and enophthalmos (sunken
eye)
c. no abnormalities on physical examination
d. considerable loss of skin turgor, severe enophthal-
mos, tachycardia, extremely dry mucous membranes,
weak/thread pulses, hypotension, altered level of con-
sciousness
7. Which of the following is consistent with moderate b. moderate loss of skin
(~8%) dehydration according to the 2013 AAHA Fluid turgor, dry mucous mem-
Therapy Guidelines? branes, weak rapid puls-
es and enophthalmos
a. minimal loss of skin turgor, semi-dry mucous mem- (sunken eye)
branes and normal eye position
,VM 575 (Digestive System II) MIDTERM EXAMBANK QUESTIONS
WITH CORRECT ANSWERS AND VERIFIED SOLUTIONS.
b. moderate loss of skin turgor, dry mucous mem-
, VM 575 (Digestive System II) MIDTERM EXAMBANK QUESTIONS
WITH CORRECT ANSWERS AND VERIFIED SOLUTIONS.
branes, weak rapid pulses and enophthalmos (sunken
eye)
c. no abnormalities on physical examination
d. considerable loss of skin turgor, severe enophthal-
mos, tachycardia, extremely dry mucous membranes,
weak/thread pulses, hypotension, altered level of con-
sciousness
8. Which of the following is consistent with severe (>10%) d. considerable loss
dehydration according to the 2013 AAHA Fluid Thera- of skin turgor, severe
py Guidelines? enophthalmos, tachycar-
dia, extremely dry mucous
a. minimal loss of skin turgor, semi-dry mucous mem- membranes, weak/thread
branes and normal eye position pulses, hypotension, al-
b. moderate loss of skin turgor, dry mucous mem- tered level of conscious-
branes, weak rapid pulses and enophthalmos (sunken ness
eye)
c. no abnormalities on physical examination
d. considerable loss of skin turgor, severe enophthal-
mos, tachycardia, extremely dry mucous membranes,
weak/thread pulses, hypotension, altered level of con-
sciousness
9. What is the anti-emetic mechanism of action of on-
dansetron (Zofran)?
a. 5HT3 receptor antagonism
b. D2 recepto antagonism
c. Alpha-2 receptor antagonism
d. NK1 receptor antagonism
10. Based on the anatomy of the equine esophagus,
which drug would be most appropriate to treat an
