Zoology Exam 1 Ch 1, 3- 7 Questions
with Correct Answers
Chapter 1
What kind of evolution is this?
-Descent with Modification
-facilitated by accumulation of heritable change in a species over time - Answer-
Macroevolution
a trait that is controlled by gene(s) and passed on from one generation to the next -
Answer-Heritable
The world and species were viewed as - Answer-constant entities that did not
change after creation
History of Evolutionary Thought
Observations of natural world facilitated: - Answer--Earth was undergoing perpetual
and irreversible change
-geology
-fossils
-variation of species
French Naturalist
"Father of Paleontology"
Law:
-different regions have distinct fauna
-established a link between environment and species composition
-ALL variations in species due to the influence of the environment (incorrect) -
Answer-Buffon
mechanism =incorrect
French biologist
argued that variation in species arose via:
-inheritance of acquired characteristics (his evolutionary mechanism)
-individuals acquire traits through use or disuse by striving to meet the demands of
their environments
-pass these acquired traits on to their offspring
-Transformational hypothesis of evolutionary change - Answer-Jean Baptiste
Lamarck
giraffes evolved a long neck because their ancestors lengthened their necks by
stretching to obtain food and passed the lengthened neck to their offspring
mechanism=incorrect but,
,-proposed organisms evolved from other organisms
-emphasized that fossils were remnants of previously living species
"Father of Modern Geology"
Gradualism to explain geological processes - Answer-James Hutton
Geologist
Uniformitarianism
The laws of chemistry and physics are the same throughout history of the earth=
earth million of years old - Answer-Charles Lyell
Economy & Agriculture on Evolutionary Thought:
Populations will increase beyond the capacity of their environment= struggle for
existence/survival
Animal breeders artificially select characteristics from an original stock to get
combinations they desire - Answer-T. Robert Malthus
Who were the two men involved in the variational theory of evolution? - Answer-
Charles Darwin & Alfred Wallace
English naturalist
collected biological and geological specimens for 23 years on HMS beagle
November of 1959 "On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection" aka On
the Origin of Species
(provided a large amount of evidence that evolution does occur, but then includes a
carefully documented means by which evolution may occur- natural selection -
Answer-Charles Darwin
His observations in the Galapagos Islands were the most influential in developing his
theory of evolution by natural selection
What was the purpose of the voyage Darwin was going on? - Answer--to survey and
map parts of South America
english naturalist
specimen collector working in Malaysia
corresponded with Darwin about study of natural history
1858 sent a manuscript to Darwin; it outlined the theory of natural selection that
Darwin had been working on - Answer-Alfred Wallace
individuals transform their characteristics through use and disuse, heredity makes
corresponding adjustments to produce evolution (refuted theory) - Answer-
Transformational Theory of Evolution:
(Lamarck)
evolutionary change is caused by differential survival and reproduction among
individuals having different hereditary traits (Existing variation in a population) -
Answer-Variational Theory of Evolution:
, Wallace/Darwin
What are the 5 sub theories of Darwinian Evolution? - Answer-1. Perpetual Change
2. Common Descent
3. Multiplication of Species
4. Gradualism
5. Natural Selection = his mechanism for how evolution occured
Which sub theory is this?
-based on observations that the world is not constant or cycling, but always changing
(geological observations)
fossil record- shows that species composition has changed through time (major
extinctions and radiations represented) - Answer-Perpetual Change
Which sub theory is this?
-all forms of life descended from a single common ancestor through a branching of
lineages (=multiplication of species)
-phylogenetic trees
-Darwins idea of shared characteristics = relatedness
-homology - Answer-
structure or feature found in different species that are similar in form due to common
origin through a shared ancestor
e.g. bones with the same color - Answer-Homology
similar features/traits shared among species as a result of convergent evolution and
NOT due to recent common ancestry
confuse phylogenetic reconstruction because they suggest relationships that dont
exist - Answer-Analogy
Evolution of similar features in unrelated organisms to serve a common function:
similar adapations arise due to a common or similar environment NOT common
ancestry - Answer-Convergent Evolution
Which sub theory is this?
Darwin proposed that evolution=branching process that produces new species by
splitting and transforming existing species
Heritable variation is present within a species is the material from which a new
species are produced - Answer-Multiplication of Species
What are the criteria for recognizing a species? - Answer-1. individuals of the same
species form a single unbranched lineage of populations
2. Individuals of the same species are reproductively compatible
3. Individuals of the same species show genotypic and phenotypic cohesion
What kind of speciation is this?
results from isolation and differentiation of populations due to the formation of a
physical barrier (prevents or restricts gene flow) - Answer-Allopatric Speciation
with Correct Answers
Chapter 1
What kind of evolution is this?
-Descent with Modification
-facilitated by accumulation of heritable change in a species over time - Answer-
Macroevolution
a trait that is controlled by gene(s) and passed on from one generation to the next -
Answer-Heritable
The world and species were viewed as - Answer-constant entities that did not
change after creation
History of Evolutionary Thought
Observations of natural world facilitated: - Answer--Earth was undergoing perpetual
and irreversible change
-geology
-fossils
-variation of species
French Naturalist
"Father of Paleontology"
Law:
-different regions have distinct fauna
-established a link between environment and species composition
-ALL variations in species due to the influence of the environment (incorrect) -
Answer-Buffon
mechanism =incorrect
French biologist
argued that variation in species arose via:
-inheritance of acquired characteristics (his evolutionary mechanism)
-individuals acquire traits through use or disuse by striving to meet the demands of
their environments
-pass these acquired traits on to their offspring
-Transformational hypothesis of evolutionary change - Answer-Jean Baptiste
Lamarck
giraffes evolved a long neck because their ancestors lengthened their necks by
stretching to obtain food and passed the lengthened neck to their offspring
mechanism=incorrect but,
,-proposed organisms evolved from other organisms
-emphasized that fossils were remnants of previously living species
"Father of Modern Geology"
Gradualism to explain geological processes - Answer-James Hutton
Geologist
Uniformitarianism
The laws of chemistry and physics are the same throughout history of the earth=
earth million of years old - Answer-Charles Lyell
Economy & Agriculture on Evolutionary Thought:
Populations will increase beyond the capacity of their environment= struggle for
existence/survival
Animal breeders artificially select characteristics from an original stock to get
combinations they desire - Answer-T. Robert Malthus
Who were the two men involved in the variational theory of evolution? - Answer-
Charles Darwin & Alfred Wallace
English naturalist
collected biological and geological specimens for 23 years on HMS beagle
November of 1959 "On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection" aka On
the Origin of Species
(provided a large amount of evidence that evolution does occur, but then includes a
carefully documented means by which evolution may occur- natural selection -
Answer-Charles Darwin
His observations in the Galapagos Islands were the most influential in developing his
theory of evolution by natural selection
What was the purpose of the voyage Darwin was going on? - Answer--to survey and
map parts of South America
english naturalist
specimen collector working in Malaysia
corresponded with Darwin about study of natural history
1858 sent a manuscript to Darwin; it outlined the theory of natural selection that
Darwin had been working on - Answer-Alfred Wallace
individuals transform their characteristics through use and disuse, heredity makes
corresponding adjustments to produce evolution (refuted theory) - Answer-
Transformational Theory of Evolution:
(Lamarck)
evolutionary change is caused by differential survival and reproduction among
individuals having different hereditary traits (Existing variation in a population) -
Answer-Variational Theory of Evolution:
, Wallace/Darwin
What are the 5 sub theories of Darwinian Evolution? - Answer-1. Perpetual Change
2. Common Descent
3. Multiplication of Species
4. Gradualism
5. Natural Selection = his mechanism for how evolution occured
Which sub theory is this?
-based on observations that the world is not constant or cycling, but always changing
(geological observations)
fossil record- shows that species composition has changed through time (major
extinctions and radiations represented) - Answer-Perpetual Change
Which sub theory is this?
-all forms of life descended from a single common ancestor through a branching of
lineages (=multiplication of species)
-phylogenetic trees
-Darwins idea of shared characteristics = relatedness
-homology - Answer-
structure or feature found in different species that are similar in form due to common
origin through a shared ancestor
e.g. bones with the same color - Answer-Homology
similar features/traits shared among species as a result of convergent evolution and
NOT due to recent common ancestry
confuse phylogenetic reconstruction because they suggest relationships that dont
exist - Answer-Analogy
Evolution of similar features in unrelated organisms to serve a common function:
similar adapations arise due to a common or similar environment NOT common
ancestry - Answer-Convergent Evolution
Which sub theory is this?
Darwin proposed that evolution=branching process that produces new species by
splitting and transforming existing species
Heritable variation is present within a species is the material from which a new
species are produced - Answer-Multiplication of Species
What are the criteria for recognizing a species? - Answer-1. individuals of the same
species form a single unbranched lineage of populations
2. Individuals of the same species are reproductively compatible
3. Individuals of the same species show genotypic and phenotypic cohesion
What kind of speciation is this?
results from isolation and differentiation of populations due to the formation of a
physical barrier (prevents or restricts gene flow) - Answer-Allopatric Speciation
