UAB BY 124 Exam 1 Questions and
Answers| Latest Update
nutritional adaptations of plants that use other organisms in nonmutualistic ways 1.
epiphyte
2. parasitic plants
3. carnivorous plants
etiolation plant morphological adaptions for growing in darkness
de-etiolation (greening) shoot reaches light and undergoes profound changes (stem
elongation slows, leaves expand, roots elongate, shoot produces chlorophyll)
cell-signal processing in plants 1. reception
2. transduction
3. response
reception hormone or environmental stimulus from outside the cell binds with receptor
(ex: light with phytocome)
transduction relays proteins and second messengers
(ex: cGMO and Ca2+ to form protein kinases)
,response activation of cellular responses
(ex: transcription factors -> transcribed/translated -> de-etiolation response proteins)
hormones produced in remote locations and travel through organism vasculature to a
distant location -> response
discovery of hormones -Darwin and his son Francis researched phototropism and
hypothesized/discovered that there is a signal received (light -> tip) (+ Boysen-Jenson)
-auxin: where it is, cells elongate
-Fris Went experimented with sugar cubes
auxin -stimulates cell elongation
-regulates branching and organ bending
-driven by light
-found in tip
gibberellic acid -promotes stem elongation
-help seeds break dormancy and used stored resources
-bolting
-increases growth of fruit
ethylene -mediates fruit ripening
, -concentrations increase when obstacle (stimulus) is present
*increased T = increased reaction rate*
gravitropism response to gravity
positive gravitropism roots growing downwards with gravity
negative gravitropism shoots growing upwards away from gravity
plants may detect gravity: by? the settling of statoliths (dense cytoplasmic components)
thigmomorphogenesis refers to changes in form that result from mechanical disturbance
(ex: mimosa tree responding to touch)
charophytes (aquatic) green algae land plants evolved from
3 key traits land plants share with charophytes 1. rings of cellulose-synthesizing proteins
embedded in plasma membrane
2. formation of a phragmoplast (helps form cell wall)
3. structure of flagellated sperm (not all will have this)
adaptations enabling plants' move to land: why? 1. CO2
Answers| Latest Update
nutritional adaptations of plants that use other organisms in nonmutualistic ways 1.
epiphyte
2. parasitic plants
3. carnivorous plants
etiolation plant morphological adaptions for growing in darkness
de-etiolation (greening) shoot reaches light and undergoes profound changes (stem
elongation slows, leaves expand, roots elongate, shoot produces chlorophyll)
cell-signal processing in plants 1. reception
2. transduction
3. response
reception hormone or environmental stimulus from outside the cell binds with receptor
(ex: light with phytocome)
transduction relays proteins and second messengers
(ex: cGMO and Ca2+ to form protein kinases)
,response activation of cellular responses
(ex: transcription factors -> transcribed/translated -> de-etiolation response proteins)
hormones produced in remote locations and travel through organism vasculature to a
distant location -> response
discovery of hormones -Darwin and his son Francis researched phototropism and
hypothesized/discovered that there is a signal received (light -> tip) (+ Boysen-Jenson)
-auxin: where it is, cells elongate
-Fris Went experimented with sugar cubes
auxin -stimulates cell elongation
-regulates branching and organ bending
-driven by light
-found in tip
gibberellic acid -promotes stem elongation
-help seeds break dormancy and used stored resources
-bolting
-increases growth of fruit
ethylene -mediates fruit ripening
, -concentrations increase when obstacle (stimulus) is present
*increased T = increased reaction rate*
gravitropism response to gravity
positive gravitropism roots growing downwards with gravity
negative gravitropism shoots growing upwards away from gravity
plants may detect gravity: by? the settling of statoliths (dense cytoplasmic components)
thigmomorphogenesis refers to changes in form that result from mechanical disturbance
(ex: mimosa tree responding to touch)
charophytes (aquatic) green algae land plants evolved from
3 key traits land plants share with charophytes 1. rings of cellulose-synthesizing proteins
embedded in plasma membrane
2. formation of a phragmoplast (helps form cell wall)
3. structure of flagellated sperm (not all will have this)
adaptations enabling plants' move to land: why? 1. CO2
